Solar Tracking System And Hybrid Power Generation

Gujarat Technological University Chandkheda, Ahmedabad Affiliated BIRLA VISHVAKARMA MAHAVIDYALAYA A Project Report On SOLAR TRACKING SYSTEM HYBRID POWER GENERATION BE IV, Semester VII Electronics Telecommunication Engineering Submitted By ANKUR BUSA 130080112011 ABHISHEK SINGH 130080112011 MUGDHA JAIN 130080112033 MEGHA PATEL 140083112011 Internal Guide DR. MEHUL B. SHAH External Guide GAURANG V. PATEL DR. MEHUL B. SHAH (Head of Department) Academic Year 2016-2017 BIRLA VISHVAKARMA MAHAVIDYALAYA ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING CERTIFICATE THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THE PROJECT ENTITLED WITH â€Å"SOLAR TRACKING SYSTEM AND HYBRID POWER GENERATION† HAS BEEN COMPLETED BY ANKUR BUSA, ABHISHEK SINGH, MUGDHA JAIN AND MEGHA PATEL OF UNDER MY GUIDANCE IN FULFILMENT OF SEMESTER-VII OF BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING IN ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT DURING THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2016-2017. DR. MEHUL B. SHAH GAURANG V. 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Ethics and Socially Responsive Business - 703 Words

The Cheesecake Factory The Cheesecake Factory has been one of the more successful chain restaurants in recent years because they have provided great food and outstanding customer service in a fun atmosphere. The cheesecake factory employs a high standard of general conduct and moral aptitude. As a chief executive officer in today’s society, it is my responsibility to ensure The Cheesecake Factory abides by the laws and ethical duties that are mandated by today’s society. There is a copious amount of benefits to being a chief executive officer, however there is an equal amount of risk as chief executive officers are held liable for almost any action or infraction that their company has induced. The Cheesecake Factory requires all their†¦show more content†¦Communication is the most important aspects to running a successful business. Inefficient communication can negatively impact the company in various ways. If there is harassment or our equal opportunity obligations are not being maintained, it can lead to hostility, distrust and loss of respect between staff members and it could potentially lead to emotionally distraught staff members, poor customer service and even a lawsuit. Also, The Cheesecake Factory requires all staff members to cooperate with investigations of possible violations. The Cheesecake Factory has developed an employee staff relations hotline to help prevent these potential outcomes and resolve any situations that do not coincide with The Cheesecake Factory’s code of ethics. The last key element to The Cheesecake Factory’s code of ethics is the supervisor’s roles and responsibilities. Supervisors are the personnel for ensurin g the cooperation and enforcement of the Cheesecake Factories code of ethics. Supervisors are responsible for knowing the company’s policies and conducting themselves in a professional matter. 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Vacation Destination Preferencees Free Essays

CHAPTER 1: The Problem and its Background Introduction Vacation destinations are places where someone can go or take a visit to free from work and away from home. These places may be beaches, landmarks, forests, and others in type. Visiting these places requires no age but still, it is better that the place is suitable or appropriate to anyone who visit it. We will write a custom essay sample on Vacation Destination Preferencees or any similar topic only for you Order Now Summer is approaching. Many families or people will surely find a place for their vacation, a place where they can spend their times together. Somewhere which is stress-free and will give them the peaceful feeling they want. Wherever place it is, they’ll definitely need some money to enjoy and in able to reach their desired destination. The Philippines contains many islands that will definitely give the qualities people want from vacation places, especially the amenities that can be found on it. The purpose of this research is to identify the preferred vacation destinations of the constituents and to know their plans on visiting the places. Moreover, the researcher is interested in taking a more serious look into the most preferable vacation destinations for the residents or constituents of a particular barangay. Statement of the Problem This study was undertaken to find out the most preferable vacation destinations of the constituents of Barangay 502 Sampaloc, Manila and their plans regarding to their visit on the place. Specifically, this study sought answers to the following research questions: 1. What type of place do the constituents prefer for a vacation? 2. Whom do the constituents like to go with for a vacation? 3. How much money do the constituents willing to spend for a vacation? 4. What particular vacation destination/s here in the Philippines do the constituents prefer for a vacation? . 1 In Luzon? 5. 2 In Visayas? 5. 3 In Mindanao? Scope and Limitations This study looked into the preferable vacation destinations here in the Philippines, specifically in Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao and their plans regarding to their visit on the place. Only 50 constituents of Barangay 502 Sampaloc, Manila were involved. No attempt was made to compare and correlate these vacation destinations with any other places in any other countries. Definition of Terms Preference the choice of one thing or person over another (Webster’s Student Dictionary) Vacationa time set aside from work (Webster’s Student Dictionary) Amenityagreeableness; pleasantness (Webster’s Student Dictionary) Constituentserving to form or compose as a necessary part (Webster’s Student Dictionary) Relaxto rest (Webster’s Student Dictionary) Research Methodology Research Design The Descriptive method was used to achieve the objectives of this study. This method seeks to describe a present existing condition, which in this study were the preferable vacation destinations of the constituents of a particular barangay and their plans regarding on the visit to the place. Respondents The target population consisted of 50 constituents of Barangay 502 Sampaloc, Manila, 32 males and 18 females to be specific. Research Instrument The researcher prepared a checklist which was used for the survey. Data-Gathering Procedure The data were drawn from the 50 constituents of Barangay 502 Sampaloc, Manila who were given a checklist-type of questionnaires for the survey. The researcher gave the checklist individually and it lasted for 3 days. Statistical Treatment Individual responses were tallied before they were put in tables ready for the statistical treatment. Percentage was utilized to quantify the data gathered for subproblems 1, 2, 3, 4. 1, 4. 2 and 4. 3. The formula for percentage is: P= f/N x 100 Where: P= percentage f= frequency N= total number of respondents CHAPTER 2: Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data Gathered This chapter presents the data gathered regarding the most preferred vacation destinations of the constituents of a particular barangay and their plans regarding on visit to the place, and proceeds to the analysis and interpretation of said data. Subproblem 1What type of place do the constituents prefer for a vacation? Table 1 Type of Place of the Constituents for a Vacation Type of Place| Male| %| Female| %| Total| %| Rank| a. Beach| 24| 75%| 13| 73%| 37| 74%| 1| b. Landmark| 2| 6%| 2| 12%| 4| 8%| 3| c. Amusement Park| 2| 6%| 3| 17%| 5| 10%| 2| d. Mountain| 2| 6%| 2| 12%| 4| 8%| 3| e. Forest| 2| 6%| 3| 17%| 5| 10%| 2| Table 1 presents the preferred type of place of the constituents for a vacation. Among the male constituents, 24 or 75% preferred to go to Beach for a vacation, while the Landmark, Amusement Park, Mountain, and Forest each got a 2 or 6% from the male constituents. Among the female constituents, 13 or 73% preferred to go to beach for a vacation, Amusement Park and Forest each got 3 or 17%, and both Landmark and Mountain got 2 or 12% from the female constituents. As a whole, 74% of the constituents preferred the Beach as their type of place for vacation, 10% for Amusement Park and Forest, and 8% for Landmark and Mountain. Subproblem 2With whom do the constituents like to go for a vacation? Table 2 Companion of the Constituents for a Vacation Companion| Male| %| Female| %| Total| %| Rank| a. Family| 18| 56%| 10| 56%| 28| 56%| 1| . Friends| 6| 19%| 3| 17%| 9| 18%| 3| c. Special Friend| 5| 16%| 5| 28%| 10| 20%| 2| d. Alone| 3| 9%| 2| 12%| 5| 10%| 4| Table 2 presents the preferred companion of the constituents for a vacation. Among the male constituents, 18 or 56% like to go with their families for a vacation, 6 or 19% with their friends, 5 or 16% with a special friend and 3 or 9% like to go by themselves. Among the female constituents, 10 or 56% wa nt to go with their families for a vacation, 5 or 28% with a special friend, 3 or 17% with their friends and 2 or 12% like to go alone. As a whole, 56% of the constituents like to go with their families for a vacation, 20% with their special friends and 10% want to go by themselves. Subproblem 3How much money do the constituents willing to spend for a vacation? Table 3 Amount Money of the Constituents to Spend for a Vacation Amount| Male| %| Female| %| Total| %| Rank| a. P1,000-P3,500| 6| 19%| 4| 23%| 10| 20%| 2| b. P3,500-P7,000| 2| 6%| 4| 23%| 6| 12%| 3| c. P7,000-P12,000| 8| 25%| 2| 12%| 10| 20%| 2| d. P12,000-P20,000| 15| 47%| 7| 39%| 22| 44%| 1| Table 3 presents the amount that the constituents willing to spend for a vacation. Among the male constituents, 15 or 47% were willing to spend P12,000-P20,000 for a vacation, 8 or 25% for an amount of P7,000-P12,000, 6 or 19% for P1,000-P3,500, and 2 or 6% were willing to spend P3,500-P7,000. Among the female constituents, 7 or 39% were willing to spend P12,000-P20,000, while an amount of P1,000-P3,500 and P3,500-P7,000 each got 4 or 23% from the female constituents and 2 or 12% for P7,000-P12,000. As a whole, 44% were willing to spend P12,000-P20,000 for a vacation, 20% for an amount of P1,000-P3,500 and P7,000-P12,000, and 12% for P3,500-P7,000. Subproblem 4What vacation destination/s here in the Philippines do the constituents prefer for a vacation? Subproblem 4. 1 in Luzon? Table 4. 1 Vacation Destinations of the Constituents in Luzon Luzon| Male| %| Female| %| Total| %| Rank| Baguio City| 18| 56%| 8| 45%| 26| 52%| 1| Puerto Galera| 10| 31%| 2| 12%| 12| 24%| 4| Puerto Princesa| 12| 38%| 4| 23%| 16| 32%| 2| Tagaytay| 7| 22%| 5| 28%| 12| 24%| 4| Makati City| 2| 6%| 0| 0%| 2| 4%| 8| Caramoan Peninsula| 7| 22%| 1| 6%| 8| 16%| 5| Camarines Sur| 11| 34%| 4| 23%| 15| 30%| 3| Subic| 11| 34%| 5| 28%| 16| 32%| 2| La Union| 2| 6%| 3| 17%| 5| 10%| 6| Banaue| 1| 3%| 3| 17%| 4| 8%| 7| Table 4. 1 presents the preferred vacation destinations in Luzon of the constituents for a vacation. Among the male constituents, 18 or 56% want to go to Baguio City, 12 or 38% to Camarines Sur and Subic, 10 or 31% to Puerto Galera, 7 or 22% to Tagaytay and Caramoan Peninsula, 2 or 6% to Makati City and La Union, and only 1 or 3% want to go to Banaue. Among the female constituents, 8 or 45% want to go to Baguio City, 5 or 28% to Tagaytay and Subic, 4 or 23% to Puerto Princesa and Camarines Sur, 3 or 17% to La Union and Banaue, 2 or 12% to Puerto Galera and 1 or 6% to Caramoan Peninsula. As a whole, 52% of the constituents want to go to Baguio City for a vacation, 32% to Puerto Princesa and Subic, 30% to Camarines Sur, 24% to Puerto Galera and Tagaytay, 16% to Caramoan Peninsula, 10% to La Union, 8% to Banaue and only 4% want to go to Makati City for vacation. Subproblem 4. 2in Visayas? Table 4. 2 Vacation Destinations of the Constituents in Visayas Visayas| Male| %| Female| %| Total| %| Rank | Aklan| 3| 9%| 2| 12%| 5| 10%| 4| Boracay| 25| 78%| 8| 45%| 33| 66%| 1| Bohol| 5| 16%| 7| 39%| 12| 24%| 2| Guimaras Island| 4| 13%| 1| 6%| 5| 10%| 4| Cebu City| 7| 22%| 5| 28%| 12| 24%| 2| Antique| 3| 9%| 1| 6%| 4| 8%| 5| Bacolod City| 5| 16%| 1| 6%| 6| 12%| 3| Valencia, Negros Oriental| 0| 10%| 0| 0%| 0| 0%| 8| Tacloban City| 1| 3%| 0| 0%| 1| 2%| 7| Iloilo City| 2| 6%| 0| 0%| 2| 4%| 6| Table 4. 2 presents the preferred vacation destinations of the constituents in Visayas. Among the male constituents, 25 or 78% want to go to Boracay, 7 or 22% to Cebu City, 5 or 16% to Bohol and Bacolod City, 4 or 13% to Guimaras Island, 3 or 9% to Aklan and Antique, 2 or 6% to Iloilo City, and 1 or 3% want to go to Tacloban City. Among the female constituents, 8 or 45% want to go to Boracay, 7 or 39% to Bohol, 5 or 28% to Cebu City, 2 or 12% to Aklan, and 1 or 6% want to go to Guimaras Island, Antique, and Bacolod City. As a whole, 66% of the constituents want to go to Boracay for a vacation, 24% to Bohol and Cebu City, 12% to Bacolod City, 10% to Aklan and Guimaras Island, 8% to Antique, 4% to Iloilo City, and 2% to Tacloban City. Subproblem 4. 3in Mindanao? Table 4. 3 Vacation Destinations of the Constituents in Mindanao Mindanao| Male| %| Female| %| Total| %| Rank| Camiguin Island| 7| 22%| 4| 23%| 11| 22%| 1| Compostella Valley| 1| 3%| 2| 12%| 3| 6%| 7| Davao| 6| 19%| 5| 28%| 11| 22%| 1| Dinagat Island| 4| 13%| 1| 6%| 5| 10%| 5| Zamboanga| 6| 19%| 1| 6%| 7| 14%| 3| Butuan City| 1| 3%| 1| 6%| 2| 4%| 8| Dipolog City| 4| 13%| 2| 12%| 6| 12%| 4| Koronadal City| 2| 6%| 2| 12%| 4| 8%| 6| Bucas Grande Island| 5| 16%| 2| 12%| 7| 14%| 3| Tawi-tawi| 6| 19%| 4| 23%| 10| 20%| 2| Table 4. 3 presents the preferred vacation destinations of the constituents in Mindanao. Among the male constituents, 7 or 22% want to go to Camiguin Island for a vacation, 6 or 19% to Davao, Tawi-tawi, and Zamboanga, 5 or 16% to Bucas Grande Islands, 4 or 13% to Dinagat Island and Dipolog City, 2 or 6% to Koronadal City and 1 or 3% to Compostella Valley and Butuan City. Among the female constituents, 5 or 28% want to go to Davao, 4 or 23% to Camiguin Island and Tawi-tawi, 2 or 12% to Compostella Valley, Dipolog City, Koronadal City, and Bucas Grande Islands, and 1 or 6% want to go to Dinagat Island, Zamboanga, and Butuan City. As a whole, 22% of the constituents want to go to Camiguin Island and Davao for a vacation, 20% to Tawi-tawi, 14% to Zamboanga and Bucas Grande Islands, 12% to Dipolog City, 10% to Dinagat Island, 8% to Koronadal City, 6% to Compostella Valley and 4% want to go to Butuan City. CHAPTER 3: Summary of Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations The purpose of this study was to know the most preferable vacation destinations here in the Philippines mainly, in Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao for the constituents of a particular barangay and their plans regarding on visit to the place. Using the Descriptive method, particularly the use of a checklist for the survey, the researcher gathered data from the 50 constituents of Barangay 502 Sampaloc, Manila. The data were quantified using percentage. Summary of Findings Based on the analysis and interpretation of data gathered, the findings are: Subproblem 1Type of Place * 74% wanted Beach as a type of vacation place * 10% preferred to go to Amusement Parks and Forests * 8% chose Landmarks and Mountains as vacation place Subproblem 2Companion * 56% preferred to go with family * 20% liked to go with special friend 18% wanted to go with friends * 10% just wanted to go alone Subproblem 3Amount to Spend * 44% were willing to spend P12,000-P20,000 * 20% were willing to spend an amount of P1,000-P3500 and P7,000-P12,000 * 12% were willing to spend P3,500-P7,000 Subproblem 4. 1Places in Luzon * 52% desired to go to Baguio City * 32% desired Puerto Princesa and Subic as a vacation place * 30% desired Camarines Sur as a vacation place * 24% desired Puerto Galera and Tagaytay as a vacation place * 16% desired Caramoan Peninsula as a vacation place 10% desired La Union as a vacation place * 8% desired Banaue as a vacation place * 4% desired Makati City as a vacation place Subproblem 4. 2Places in Visayas * 66% wanted to go to Boracay * 24% wanted Bohol and Cebu City as a vacation place * 12% wanted Bacolod City as a vacation place * 10% wanted Aklan and Guimaras Island as a vacation place * 8% wanted Antique as a vacation place * 4% wanted Iloilo City as a vacation place * 2% wanted Tacloban City as a vacation place Subproblem 4. 3Places in Mindanao * 22% liked to go to Camiguin Island and Davao 20% liked Tawi-tawi as a vacation place * 14% liked Zamboanga and Bucas Grande Islands as a vacation place * 12% liked Dipolog City as a vacation place * 10% liked Dinagat Island as a vacation place * 8% liked Koronadal City as a vacation place * 6% liked Compostella Valley as a vacation place * 4% liked Butuan City a s a vacation place Conclusions Based on the findings, the researcher arrived at these conclusions: 1. Type of place of the constituents for a vacation Majority of the constituents prefer the Beach for the type of vacation place. 2. Companion of the constituents for a vacation Majority of the constituents are going to a vacation with their families. 3. Amount of money the constituents willing to spend for a vacation Majority of the constituents are willing to spend an amount of P12,000-P20,000 for a vacation. 4. Vacation destinations here in the Philippines that the constituents want to visit. 5. 1 Luzon Majority of the constituents prefer to visit Baguio City for a vacation in Luzon. 5. 2 Visayas Majority of the constituents prefer to visit Boracay for a vacation in Visayas. 5. 3 Mindanao Majority of the constituents prefer to visit Camiguin Island and Davao for a vacation in Mindanao. Recommendations Based on the conclusions, the researcher endorses some ways to make the constituents enjoy and make their vacation as a memorable and an unforgettable experience of their lives. 1. In able to enjoy the vacation of the constituents, they must set aside first their problems and make the best things they could do to the place where they are taking vacation. This will surely make everyone on the vacation stress-free and free themselves from the things bothering them. 2. Cherish every moment of the vacation. These moments will surely make the constituents smile every time they remember the happenings and experiences they had on that vacation. 3. Enjoy the place. The view, the people, and the amenities that can be seen on the place. These things will definitely fulfill the enjoyment and make the vacation one of a kind. 4. Know the culture, the dialect, and the people of the place. These will give an extra-ordinary experience and additional knowledge for the constituents from the place of vacation. 5. Make the vacation as the time of loved ones. Vacation is the best time to have a quality time with the loved ones. How to cite Vacation Destination Preferencees, Essay examples

Origins of Health Disparities in Racial and Ethnic Minorities in the United States free essay sample

Health disparities are a huge cause for concern in the United States. The term health disparities is generally referred to as health or health care differences between racial/ethnic groups and includes differences in morbidity, mortality, and access to health care (LaVeist Issac, 12). When comparing the health outcomes between non-Hispanic whites and minorities, the differences in inequality are substantial. For various and numerous health conditions, non-Hispanic blacks suffer disproportionately from disease, injury, death, and disability compared to non-Hispanic whites. In 2006, the overall mortality rate for blacks was 28 percent higher than whites. (LaVeist, 21). Similarly, Hispanics/Latinos also experience disproportionate health outcomes when compared to non-Hispanic whites (2). Among nonelderly adults, 16 percent of black Americans and 17 percent of Hispanics report that they are in only fair or poor health, while only 10 percent of white Americans report the same (AHRQ). Additionally, according to data from the National Center for Health Statistics, 2002, black Americans have death rates that are substantially higher than white Americans for both men and women. Black males have a death rate that is 35 percent higher than white men while the death rate for black women is 29 percent higher than white women. In this paper I investigate the most likely causes as to why these disparities in health and health care exist between white Americans and racial/ethnic minorities, particularly African Americans. After thoroughly conducting research, one of the main causes that attributes to inequality in health and health care among racial and ethnic minorities is socioeconomic status. Socioeconomic status is generally defined through a combination of income, education, and occupation statuses (APA). To further explain, when an individual’s level of education increases, their occupational status also tends to increase, along with their income. Richard Shewder reported on his research about health among the U. S. public in a New York Times article in 1997 and concluded that â€Å"lower middle-class Americans are more mortal, morbid, symptomatic and disabled than up-middle-class Americans. With each little step down on the educational, occupational and income ladders comes an increased risk of headaches, varicose veins, hypertension, sleepless nights, emotional distress, heart disease, schizophrenia and an early visit to the grave. †This actuality is often referred to as â€Å"the status syndrome†. Furthermore, data strongly suggests that the relationship between SES and health is not a threshold actuality. Rather, it follows a continuous model, which alludes that whatever association there is between socioeconomic status and health exists at all levels (Barr, 53). There are two main factors that contribute to â€Å"the status syndrome†. The first is the perception of relatively less privilege. Barr’s â€Å"Health Disparities in the United States†, he describes this phenomenon, â€Å"when one perceives the structure of the social system in which he or she lives as controlling, to a large extent, the outcomes of one’s life, that person is likely to place less emphasis on reducing individual behaviors that are known to adversely affect long-term health outcomes. † To further justify, a study conducted by the U. S. Department of Health and Services concludes that poor people have a smoking rate that is two times the smoking rate of high-income people for both males and females (Barr, 62). A number of researches have also suggested that health status is in accordance with the level of inequality within that society. One hypothesis that explains this phenomenon states that societies that allow large income disparities are societies that tend to invest insufficient resources in human capital, health care, and other factors that promote health (Kawachi, Kennedy, Lochner, Prothrow-Stitch). It is also theorized that the increasing inequality has led to a succession in social capital. Social capital refers to characteristics of social relationships that promote cumulative action for mutual benefit (Barr, 89). A study conducted in 1997 compared responses from a survey, which questioned individuals’ level of trust in their own community, to health data gathered from that community. There was a marked association between perceptions of trust within a community and death rates from heart disease, cancer, and infant mortality (Barr 89-90). Additionally, social trust and group member ship are tightly linked with socioeconomic features, such as educational acquirement, according to analyses that controlled for poverty levels (Kawachi, Kennedy, Lochner, Prothrow-Stitch). A second factor contributing to the â€Å"status syndrome† is material deprivation (Barr). With an increased socioeconomic status comes an increase in access to resources. An abundant number of studies have concluded that low-income communities are more likely to be exposed to environmental hazards, crowded and substandard housing, and lack quality school systems (Williams, 8). Several studies have suggested that a possible contributor to the continuous relationship between socioeconomic status and health is the increased level of stress and chronic stress experienced by those living in disadvantaged homes and communities. Dr. Bruce S. McEwin, director of the neuroendocrinology laboratory at the Rockefeller University, has studied the subject for over thirty years. His research suggests that the interaction between environmental demands and the body’s capacity to manage possible external threats results in problems associated with stress. When the body’s stress load becomes severe or persists for too long without proper time to wane, the immune system can cripple. Other outcomes include straining of the heart, damage to memory cells, and the deposition of fat in the wrong areas (Vaccination News). Stress has also been strongly associated with increased heart rate and elevated levels of blood pressure, which is firmly linked to increased rates of heart attacks, stroke, kidney disease, and other illnesses (Barr, 78). As discussed above, one’s socioeconomic status is a strong indicator of their overall health outcome of racial/ethnic minorities. However, when controlling socioeconomic status, African Americans have lower levels of life expectancy at every level of income (Williams, 176). Therefore, race itself must play a role in health disparities among racial/ethnic minorities. Biological variation certainly exists among the human race, but the differences in genetics between different races are tiny compared to the amount of genetic variation within racial groups (Williams, 176). One substantial contributor to health disparities of racial/ethnic minorities is racism. The historical and political discrimination and racism against minorities in the U. S. is a subject that all Americans have learned about or grown up with. For my investigation, the term racism represents LaVeist and Issac’s definition, â€Å"beliefs, attitudes, institutional arrangements, and acts that tend to denigrate individuals or groups because of phenotypic characteristics or ethnic group affiliation. † Racial/ethnic discrimination that persists places a disproportionate hardship of illness and premature death by those who experience it (LaVeist, Issac, 36). Perceived discrimination of racism can have psychological, physical, and behavioral affects on health. Discussed above, chronic stress has been discovered to increase risk for coronary artery disease, stroke, cognitive impairment, substance abuse, anxiety, depression and mood disorders (Smedley). So exposures to persistent discrimination generates a burden of stress to racial/ethnic minorities in addition to those who already obtain and experience lower health outcomes that are related to their lower socioeconomic status. One effect of racism on racial/ethnic minorities is the restriction of socioeconomic advancement. Residential segregation creates and reinforces this inequality. Beliefs about black inferiority in the early 20th century led to policies that were instrumental in creating physical separation between blacks and whites. Several social institutions participated to enforce this separation. Banks were discriminatory in their lending practices, federal housing policies were created, and the real estate industry, as well as neighborhood organizations, participated in discrimination practices to ensure that blacks were confined to the most disadvantageous residential areas (Williams, 178). One result of residential segregation is the concentration of poverty, which in turn results in the concentration of poverty in school systems. In contrast to poor whites, many do not live in areas of concentrated poverty, and therefore have access to more desirable educational opportunities (Williams, 179). When looking at data from the U. S. Census Bureau, whites are less likely than blacks to never graduate from high school and to graduate from high school but not continue on to higher education. Additionally, substantially more white Americans finish college, obtain a master’s degree, and/or obtain a doctorate or professional degree compared to black Americans. Furthermore, white American men earn incomes that are higher than black American men at all levels of educational status (Barr, 48-49). This explains a possible cause for the higher death rate in black Americans considering Shewder’s conclusion based of the health of the U. S. public. Each of these developments burdens racial minority groups, particularly blacks, in terms of their health. With little access to quality education, blacks have a higher chance of gaining an education worth less than that of whites. Their below-average education results in occupying an occupation with a lower income of whites, therefore resulting in a lower socioeconomic status. As discussed above, socioeconomic status is a clear indicator of health. With blacks having an increased chance of maintaining a low socioeconomic status, their outcome of health is bound to be disproportionately lower than that of whites. One other result of residential segregation on the health of racial/ethnic minorities is the low quality conditions that minorities live in. Those living in segregation tend to have less access to health services, live in environments of neglect and deterioration, and tend to be exposed to environmental toxins and poor-quality housing (Williams, 183). One aspect that could decrease the level of inequality in health status of racial and ethnic minorities is by increasing housing options for minority communities. This can potentially lead to racial/ethnic minorities having increased opportunities to attend quality schools, live in communities with higher social capital and less environmental hazards. The research that I studied and analyzed discussed valid arguments as to why health disparities for racial/ethnic minorities exist. Another way to reduce these health disparities would to be to increase the amount of public health education. Extending this education into minority communities, as well as affluent communities. Increasing the awareness of health disparities of racial/ethnic minorities in America can increase the potential for policies to be made to reduce these disparities. To conclude, two important contributors to the inequality between health in racial and ethnic minorities and the health in white Americans are socioeconomic status and race. Socioeconomic status follows a continuous model in that as one increases their socioeconomic status, their health outcome also increases. As for race, residential segregation has multiple effects on health. Perceived discrimination also takes a toll on the body due to the amount of stress it can cause. Increasing awareness of these disparities and increasing opportunities for minorities to obtain quality living and education are potential options to reduce the inequality in health for racial/ethnic minorities in America.

Useful, Destructive Technology Essay Example

Useful, Destructive Technology Paper How can technology be so useful and destructive at the same time? The cellphone helps with communication, but also it can get me in trouble with the law. Undeterred by we probably have different types of technology my three most important pieces of technology are cellphone, laptop, and psd radio. In this era, technology is use in many occasions, myself technology I use is my phone is what I take with me everywhere I go. My phone is black and I use my phone to mark any appointments in my calendar, which is extremely useful. When it comes to school or even when I have to work in the mornings, I’m constantly marking events down in my calendar. Secondly, I use my IPhone to get on different social media’s such as, Snap Chat, Instagram, and Twitter. I mostly get on Instagram and upload pictures. Thirdly I use my phone to take videos of me when I’m playing softball. Being that my phone takes great videos and helps me keep up to any important updates and times. Overall, my phone helps me stay in contact with my family as well as my friends. Another useful technology is my laptop. I use my laptop to do my projects and homework especially since I started to go to College of the Desert. It’s not just for education purposes that I use my computer to download music and burn CD for my family in which they are always asking me to download and burn CD for them. Second, what I use my laptop is to watch Netflix on my laptop but to this time they haven’t been any good movies or TVs shows on Netflix. Three I like to mess around with my picture and fix them around or even make colleges and make movies pictures with the pictures. We will write a custom essay sample on Useful, Destructive Technology specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Useful, Destructive Technology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Useful, Destructive Technology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Lastly, another useful technology is my PSD Radio I use my radio when there’s events with the Riverside County Sheriff Explorers. We use them to communication with the other explorers or even the advasiors and let them know how were doing or if we need any help. We could only use are PSD radio are only to be used for m

Periodic Table With Common Ionic Charges

Periodic Table With Common Ionic Charges The most-requested printable periodic table has been one for element charges, to predict compounds and chemical reactions. Now, you can use periodic table trends to predict the most common element charges. Group I (alkali metals) carry a 1 charge, Group II (alkaline earths) carry a 2, Group VII (halogens) carry -1, and Group VIII (noble gases) carry a 0 charge. Metal ions may have other charges or oxidation states. For example, copper usually has a 1 or 2 valence, while iron typically has a 2 or 3 oxidation state. The rare earths often carry many different ionic charges. One of the reasons you dont normally see a table with charges is because the organization of the table offers a clue to common charges, plus elements can have just about any charge given enough energy and the right conditions. Even so, heres a table of element charges for readers seeking the most common ionic charges of element atoms. Just keep in mind elements may carry other charges. For example, hydrogen can carry -1 in addition to 1. The octet rule doesnt always apply to ionic charges. In some cases, the charge can exceed 8 or -8! Ive got a  huge collection of printable periodic tables, which include all 118 elements. If you dont find what you need, just let me know and Ill have it made for you!

SMART Goal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

SMART Goal - Assignment Example In working out the core competency, some critical aspects must be considered. The aspect to be put on considerations is the skill, knowledge and attributes (KSA) that is related with this competency. The only KSA that is related with core competencies is using evidence to guide nursing practice. In unison, the core competence and the KSA will be used to form a leadership development smart goal. I will research on benefits of using evidence-based practice on employees who commit errors while doing nursing procedures in hospital, after I seek approval from the hospital manager. Review nursing procedure manual and guidelines, and convene a meeting with organizers of continuous medical education. Review scholarly articles and credible databases to obtain information on how using evidence to guide your practice can benefit the employees by November 24, 2014 (MacLeod, 2012). As policy dictates for any other institution, one has to seek approval before any investigative or research is done. This is usually done to safe guide the interest of others who might be implicated on the research if the motive of the research is bad. To avoid researches that might wrongfully implicated on any research the motive must be assessed. On approval one need to display the proposal of the research and what he or she is seeking to achieve. With this very reason, I had to seek for the approval from the hospital manager in order to get the consent and a go ahead letter to pursue my research on the benefit of evidenced practice in the hospital set up on the employees that commit many errors for the absence of using evidence to guide their practice. This should come first on the action plan. Next on the action plan was to review the procedure manuals and the guidelines being used in the practice. The intention is to identify the most current position of the employees with regard of material being used to practice in the hospital. This one of the problem

Canadian Tire Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Canadian Tire - Essay Example anadas largest retailer, it is asserted that about 90 percent of Canadians live within a 15-minute drive of a Canadian Tire store and that at least 40 percent of Canadians shop at Canadian Tire, which has 487 stores across the country, each owned and operated by an associate dealer. This essay therefore examines the progress that Canadian Tire since its formation. Specifically, the paper explores the company’s achievements, challenges, and weaknesses, further explaining the reason it is my favorite company. As mentioned earlier, the Today Canadian Tire is today a multibillion dollar corporation despite its beginning as a humble and a small company. Having been founded in 1922 by the two brothers, the firm originally operated as a tire store. They two brothers named the company Canadian Tire with the thought that such a name would make it sound big. Strange enough, this strategy worked since currently, almost every town in Canada, regardless its size, has a Canadian Tire store. The first Canadian Tire store became operational in 1934 in Hamilton, Ontario. However, the first Canadian Tire gas station was opened in 1958 during which the company introduced its first Canadian Tire money service. However, the firm would open its first financial services section in 1968. The firm’s progress was evident early since by 1980 the company’ revenues had exceeded the $1 billion mark and its employees had started sharing its profits buying its stock. In 1993, the company recorded huge e xpansion in its operations and revenues leading to the formation of the Canadian Tire Foundation in 1999 to help needy families. Following the expansion of the 1990s was the 2001 opening of most of the firm’s stores seen today (Data Monitor, 2007). However, Canadian Tire continues to grow even in current business environment, which is marred with numerous business issues and challenges. The company, as any other, has faced many challenges over the years in which it has remained in

See the attachment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

See the attachment - Essay Example In the 2005 ranking of poverty stricken countries by the United Nations, Kenya was position 154 out of 177countries.There are several factors that cause poverty in Kenya (Hughes, 2009). For instance, limited economic diversity most of the people in Kenya do depend on the agricultural industry yet an unstable sector because of weather changes. Most rural dwellers do depend on their substance farming for both monetary incomes as well as for their food. Jobs are less available living people with scarce opportunities. School fee is out of reach for poor families. It leaves many looking for a less productive job. According to research done by transparency international, Kenya is among the most corrupt country. Unequal distribution of resources favoritism, bribes and tribalism are some of the factors that contribute to poverty levels since most resources are not accessed. Several actions have been developed to help reduce poverty in the country (Asadi et al., 2008). An example is the introduction of free primary education by the Kibakis government. This medium tends to promote development. The government is also trying to ensure people in rural areas access health care services. Dispensaries are built in different places in villages. In addition to this, there is a ‘Kazi Kwa vijana’ initiative for job creation that ensures the government creates jobs for the youth. This is done by the provision of Uwezo funds to help the young people to start a business, as well as farming projects. The situation of poverty in my country can be improved by providing free business education and training especially to youths. The government should also provide loans for micro-business projects. There should be Equal allocation and distribution of resources. Provision of equal opportunities in the business sector harmonizes the poor and the rich. There were 192 nations represented in the seminar Kenya included. During the seminar, we had several presentations on

Types of Deposits and Bank Accounts

Types of Deposits and Bank Accounts Banks receive money from the public by way of deposits. The following types of deposits are usually received by banks: Current deposit Saving deposit Fixed deposit Recurring deposit Miscellaneous deposits Current Deposit Also called ‘demand deposit’, current deposit can be withdrawn by the depositor at any time by cheques. Businessmen generally open current accounts with banks. Current accounts do not carry any interest as the amount deposited in these accounts is repayable on demand without any restriction. Banks usually charge a small amount known as incidental charges on current deposit accounts depending on the number of transaction. HSBCs current account takes the hassle out of managing your daily finances. You wont need to rush around to pay your bills; simply arrange for direct debit payments or issue a cheque and mail it at your convenience. Whats more, youll have access to your account and a wide range of banking transactions, 24 hours a day, seven days a week with our ATM Cards. MCB make your everyday banking simple. It is also a perfect gateway to a world of products and services designed to meet your needs.MCB’s current account is like a swiss army knife: easily accessible, it comes with multiple features that are perfect for your daily banking needs like cheque books, overdraft facilities, credits cards, mobile banking and so on. Savings deposit/Savings Bank Accounts Savings deposit account is meant for individuals who wish to deposit small amounts out of their current income. A saving account can be opened with or without cheque book facility. There are restrictions on the withdrawls from this account. Savings account holders are also allowed to deposit cheques, drafts, dividend warrants, etc. drawn in their favour for collection by the bank. To open a savings account, it is necessary for the depositor to be introduced by a person having a current or savings account with the same bank. MCB ‘s retirement plan offer a comfortable retirement to old people. Start today by putting aside as little as Rs 1,000 each month in your Retirement Plan. This can help old person to better enjoy their lives peacefully without depending on others.MCB also offer educational plan by which it can offer a good future to your children. Education is key to your childrens future. But have you thought about the costs of higher studies? Start planning today by investing in our Education Plan. Planning your child’s future, with the Education Plan, you only have to contribute a monthly minimum amount of Rs500. Our financial experts will help you choose the investment funds that best suit your needs in our wide range of products. Barclays offer junior saving account. As a parent, you know its never too early for your child to learn to save. And it’s a better way to teach them with a fun, easy way – saving the junior way, enjoying high interest rates. Your child will be able to see his money grow faster, thanks to a higher interest rate than a normal savings account. Interest is calculated daily and credited half-yearly. Enjoy attractive interest rates as high as 1 months FD. Your Child is protected. MCB offers Junior 12-17. Teenagers have different expectations. Junior account 12-17 caters for their fast evolving needs while enabling you to save for their future and benefiting from: Fresh and rewarding Start saving with a minimum deposit of only Rs 500 Earn interest on your savings Let your child learn to manage money with a MCB Junior Card Register for MCB Refill and your child can reload mobile credits on the go (Emtel and Orange) Fixed deposit The term ‘Fixed deposit’ means deposit repayable after the expiry of a specified period. Since it is repayable only after a fixed period of time, which is to be determined at the time of opening of the account, it is also known as time deposit. Fixed deposits are most useful for a commercial bank. Since they are repayable only after a fixed period, the bank may invest these funds more profitably by lending at higher rates of interest and for relatively longer periods. The rate of interest on fixed deposits depends upon the period of deposits. The longer the period, the higher is the rate of interest offered. Barclays Bank- A Fixed Deposit Account can be a great way to save as it helps to remove the temptation to dig into your savings, all the while earning a higher rate of interest over a fixed term. As a Premier Banking customer you earn a significantly higher interest on your Fixed Deposits, with accounts available in both local and foreign currencies. With your Fixed Deposit Account you get: A fixed rate of return over an agreed period of 3 to 12 months calculated flat on the principal, Choice of account currency (SCR, GBP, EUR and USD) Minimal cost on breakage of the deposit before maturity You may apply for this account along with another applicant, where you may choose to have both parties be required to sign any instructions to debit the account or any of the parties sufficing for the transaction to be accepted. In addition, you may request for other parties to operate your Fixed Deposit Account on your behalf. We call such a nominated person an authorised signatory. To open a Fixed Deposit Account, you are required to have a current or savings account with us. Upon applying for your Fixed Deposit Account, you can provide us with instructions on how to manage the principal and interest in the account upon maturity of the deposit or provide the instructions when you receive your Renewal Notice. You may ask us to roll over the deposit plus interest at current rates, to roll over the deposit only and credit the interest your current or savings account, or to credit the principal plus interest to your current or savings account. While you are guaranteed a fixed interest on the principal, should you break your deposit prior to maturity, you will be charged a breakage fee and the pro-rated interest calculated based on the prevailing Instant Savings Account interest rate and the period over which the deposit was held. SBM Our term deposit gives you the option of placing your money for a fixed term, thereby earning a higher rate of interest. Features: Minimum deposit of Rs 50,000 Interest payable monthly, quarterly, half yearly or at maturity Interest paid to Current / Savings account (CASA) / by cheque Term Deposits offered for periods of 12, 24 and 36 month What happens if I want to withdraw the money prior to the maturity date? Floating Rate Deposit Encashment of deposit prior to maturity is at the discretion of the bank. Interest may be forfeited if funds are withdrawn within 3 months of date of deposit. A penalty of either 1% or the cost incurred by the Bank for replacement of the Deposit (whichever is higher) may be charged at the Bank’s discretion. Fixed Rate Deposit Encashment of deposit prior to maturity is at the discretion of the bank. In addition to 1% penalty, customer opting for fixed rate of interest will have to bear the cost of replacement of funds in case of premature encashment. The penalty to be levied for encashment of a fixed rate deposit will be determined at the time of encashment. The penalty will depend on the market rate prevailing on the date of encashment. Recurring Deposits Under this type of deposit, the depositor is required to deposit a fixed amount of money every month for a specific period of time. Each instalment may vary from Rs.5/- to Rs.500/- or more per month and the period of account may vary from 12 months to 10 years. After the completion of the specified period, the customer gets back all his deposits along with the cumulative interest accrued on the deposits. Miscellaneous Deposits Banks have introduced several deposit schemes to attract deposits from different types of people, like Home Construction deposit scheme, Sickness Benefit deposit scheme, Children Gift plan, Old age pension scheme, Mini deposit scheme, etc. ATM An Automated Teller Machine (ATM) is a computerized machine that permits bank customers to gain access to their accounts with a magnetically encoded plastic card and a code number. It enables the customers to perform several banking operations without the help of a teller, such as to withdraw cash, make deposits, pay bills, obtain bank statements, effect cash transfers. Advantages of ATM in Mauritius Get 24 hour access to your money Free of charge to any HSBC accountholder Saves time since no need to queue up at the Bank counter Withdraw or Deposit Cash Transfer Funds Balance Enquiries Banks ATM points in Mauritius MCB Around 91 SBM Around 44 HSBC Around 16 BARCLAYS Around 33

Melting Essay example -- essays research papers

â€Å"The Great Melting Pot†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many times when you live in a certain area you do start to pick up on the other cultures around you. No matter what state you live in there are many cultures blending together. Many people do blend the other cultures of the people around them into their own culture. I’ve lived in many states and was able to experience this first hand. All my friends have all picked up on the culture around them from wither their family or friends. All the time I see the cultures blending together. Even if you try to keep your own culture, the culture around you just sneaks in and you don’t even realize it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I’ve lived in Texas for more than ten years now; so now I don’t really notice the Mexican culture as I used to. You just drive down any street and can see signs advertising â€Å"Tex-Mex† or â€Å"Mexican food.† The â€Å"Tex-Mex† just shows how much we do integrate the Mexican food in our own food. Many of the menus in these restaurants do have Spanish words on them. Even the decors in these restaurants have Spanish influences. You quickly learn what â€Å"El Baà ±o† means.(bathroom) You even have restaurants like Taco Bell and Taco Cabana being nation wide chains. Most of the towns in Texas have more Mexican food restaurants than any other kind. The Hispanic culture is spreading around the country, for instance, Picante is the number one condiment is the United states.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Even our school is integra...

Carrie Chapter Nineteen

He smiled. ‘Maybe.' But he wouldn't. Not any more. ‘Come on. We're going to town.' They went downstairs and through the empty dance hall, where chairs were still pushed back and beers were standing flat on the tables. As they went out through the fire door Billy said: ‘This place sucks. anyway.' They got into his car, and he started it up. When he popped on the headlights, Chris began to scream, hands in fists up to her cheeks. Billy felt it at the same time: Something in his mind. (came came came came) a presence. Carrie was standing in front of them, perhaps seventy feet away. The high beams picked her out in ghastly horror-movie blacks and whites, dripping and clotted with blood. Now much of it was her own. The hilt of the butcher knife still protruded from her shoulder, and her gown was covered with dirt and grass stain. She had crawled much of the distance from Carlin Street, half fainting, to destroy this roadhouse – perhaps the very one where the doom of her creation had begun. She stood swaying, her arms thrown out like the arms of a stage hypnotist, and she began to totter toward them. It happened in the blink of a second. Chris had not had time to expend her first scream. Billy's reflexes were good and his reaction was instantaneous. He shifted into low, popped the clutch, and floored it. The Chevrolet's tyres screamed against the asphalt, and the car sprang forward like some old and terrible mancater. The figure swelled in the windshield and as it did the presence became louder (CARRIE CARRIE CARRIE) and louder (CARRIE CARRIE CARRIE) like a radio being turned up to full volume. Time seemed to close around them in a frame and for a moment they were frozen even in motion: Billy (CARRIE just like the dogs CARRIE jut like the goddam dogs CARRIE brucie i wish i could CARRIE be CARRIE you) and Chris (CARRIE Jesus not to kill her CARRIE didn't mean to kill her CARRIE billy i dont CARRIE want to CARRIE see it CA) and Carrie herself (see the wheel car wheel gas pedal i see the WHEEL o god my heart my heart my heart) And Billy suddenly felt his car turn traitor, come alive, slither in his hands, The Chevvy dug around in a smoking half-circle, straight pipes racketing, and suddenly the clapboard side of The Cavalier was swelling, swelling, swelling and (this is) they slammed into it at forty, still accelerating, and wood sprayed up in a neon-tinted detonation. Billy was thrown forward and the steering column speared him. Chris was thrown into the dashboard. The gas tank split open, and fuel began to puddle around the rear of the car. Part of one straight pipe fell into it, and the gas bloomed into flame. Carrie lay on her side, eyes closed, panting thickly. Her chest was on fire. She began to drag herself across the parking lot, going nowhere. (momma i'm sorry it all went wrong o momma o please o please i hurt so bad momma what do i do) And suddenly it didn't seem to matter any more, nothing would matter if she could turn over, turn over and see the stars, turn over and look once and die. And that was how Sue found her at two o'clock. When Sheriff Doyle left her, Sue walked down the Street and sat on the steps of the Chamberlain U-Wash-It. She stared at the burning sky without swing it. Tommy was dead. She knew it was true and accepted it with an case that was dreadful. And Carrie had done it. She had no idea how she knew it, but the conviction was as pure and right as arithmetic. Time passed. It didn't matter. Macbeth, hath murdered sleep and Carrie hath murdered time. Pretty good. A bon mot Sue smiled dolefully. Can this be the end of our heroine, Miss Sweet Little Sixteen? No worries about the country club and Kleen Korners now. Not ever. Gone. Burned out. Someone ran past, blabbering that Carlin Street was on fire. Good for Carlin Street. Tommy was gone. And Carrie had gone home to murder her mother. () She sat bolt upright, staring into the darkness. () She didn't know how she knew. It bore no relationship to anything she had ever read about telepathy. There were no pictures in her head, no great white flashes of revelation, only prosaic knowledge; the way you know summer follows spring, that cancer can kill you, that Carrie's mother was dead already, that (!!!!!) Her heart row thickly in her chest. Dead? She examined in her knowledge of the incident, trying to disregard the insistent weirdness of knowing from nothing. Yes, Margaret White was dead, something to do with her heart. But she had stabbed Carrie. Carrie was badly hurt. She was There was nothing more. She got up and ran back to her mother's car. Ten minutes later she parked on the corner of Branch and Carlin Street, which was on fire. No trucks were available to fight the blaze yet, but saw-horses had been put across both ends of the street, and greasily smoking roads pots lit a sign which said; DANGER! LIVE WIRES! Sue cut through two back yards and forced her way through a budding hedge that scraped at her, white short, stiff bristles. She came out one yard from the White's house and crossed over. The house was in flames, the roof blazing. It was impossible to even think about getting close enough to look in. But in the strong firelight she saw something better. the splashed trail of Carrie's blood. She followed it with her head down, past the larger spots where Carrie had rested, through another hedge, across a Willow Street back yard, and then through an undeveloped tangle of scrub pine and oak. Beyond that, a short, unpaved spur – little more than a footpath – wound up the rise of land to the right, angling away from Route 6. She stopped suddenly as doubt struck her with vicious and corrosive force. Suppose she could find her? What then? Heart failure? Set on fire? Controlled and forced to walk in front of an oncoming car or fire engine? Her peculiar knowledge told her Carrie would be capable of all things. (find a policeman) She giggled a little at that one and sat down in the grass, which was silked with dew. She had already found a policeman. And even supposing Otis Doyle had believed her, what then? A mental picture came to her of a hundred desperate manhunters surrounding Came, demanding her to hand over her weapons and give up. Carrie obediently raises her hands and plucks her head from her shoulders. Hands it to Sheriff Doyle, who solemnly puts it in a wicker basket marked People's Exhibit A. (and tommy's dead) Well, well. She began to cry. She put her hands over her face and sobbed into them. A soft breeze snuffled through the juniper bushes on top of the hill. More fire engines screamed by on Route 6 like huge red hounds in the night. (the town's burning down o well) She had no idea how long she sat there, crying in a grainy half-doze. She was not even aware that she was following Carrie's progress toward The Cavalier, no more than she was aware of the process of respiration unless she thought about it. Carrie was hurt very badly, was going on brute determination alone at this point. It was three miles out to The Cavalier, even across-country, as Carrie was going. Sue (watched? thought? doesn't matter) as Carrie fell in a brook and dragged herself out, icy and shivering. It was really amazing that she kept going. But of course it was for Momma. Momma wanted her to be the Angel's Fiery Sword, to destroy- (she's going to destroy that too) She got up and began to run clumsily, not bothering to follow the trail of blood. She didn't need to follow it any more. From The Shadow Exploded (pp. 164-165): Whatever any of us may think of the Carrie White affair, it is over. It's time to turn to the future. As Dean McGuffin points out, in his excellent Science Yearbook article, if we refuse to do this, we will almost certainly have to pay the piper – and the price is apt to be a high one. A thorny moral question is raised here. Progress is already being made toward complete isolation of the TK gene. It is more or less assumed in the scientific community (see, for instance, Bourke and Hannegan's ‘A View Toward Isolation of the TK Gene with Specific Recommendations for Control Parameters' in Mocrobiology Annual, Berkeley: 1982) that when a testing procedure is established, all school-age children will undergo the test as routinely as they now undergo the TB skin-patch. Yet TK is not a germ; it is as much a part of the afflicted person as the colour of his eyes. If overt TK ability occurs as a part of puberty, and if this hypothetical TK test is performed on children entering the first grade, we shall certainly be forewarned. But in this case, is forewarned forearmed? If the TB test shows positive a child can be treated or isolated. If the TK test shows positive, we have no treatment except a bullet in the head. And how is it possible to isolate a person who will eventually have the power to knock down all walls? And even if isolation could be made successful, would the American people allow a small, pretty girl-child to be ripped away from her parents at the first sign of puberty to be locked in a bank vault for the rest of her life? I doubt it. Especially when The White Commission has worked so hard to convince the public that the nightmare in Chamberlain was a complete fluke. Indeed, we seem to have returned to Square One. From the sworn testimony of Susan Snell, taken before The State Investigatory Board of Maine (from The White Commission Report), pp. 306-472: Q. Now, Miss Snell, the Board would like to go through your testimony concerning your alleged meeting with Carrie White in The Cavalier parking lot A. Why do you keep asking the same questions over and over? I've told you twice already. Q. We want to make sure the record is correct in every A. You want to catch me in a lie, isn't that what you really mean? You don't think I'm telling the truth, do YOU? Q. You say you came upon Carrie at A. Will you answer me? Q. -at 2:00 on the morning of May 28th. Is that correct? A I'm not going to answer any more questions until you answer the one I just asked. Q. Miss Snell, this body is empowered to cite you for contempt if you refuse to answer on any other grounds than Constitutional ones. A. I don't care what you're empowered to do. I've lost someone I love. Go and throw me in jail. I don't care. I – go to hell. All of you, go to hell. You're trying to †¦ to †¦ I don't know, crucify me or something. Just lay off me! (A short recess) Q. Miss Snell, are you willing to continue your testimony at this time? A. Yes. But I won't be badgered. Mr Chairman. Q. Of course not, young lady. No one wants to badger you. Now you claim to have come upon Carrie in the parking lot of this tavern at 2:00. Is that correct? A. Yes. Q. You knew it was 2:00? A. I was wearing the watch you see on my wrist right now. Q. To be sure. Isn't The Cavalier better than six miles from where you left your mother's car? A. It is by the road. It's close to three as the crow flies. Q. You walked this distance? X Yes. Q. Now you testified earlier that you ‘knew' you were getting close to Carrie. Can you explain this? A. No. Q. Could you smell her? A. What? Q. Did you follow your nose? (Laughter in the galleries) A. Are you playing games with me? Q. Answer the question, please. A. No. I didn't follow my nose. Q. Could you see her? A. No. Q. Hear her? A. No. Q. Then how could you possibly know she was there? A. How did Tom Quillan know? Or Cora Simard? Or poor Vic Mooney? How did any of them know? Q. Answer the question, miss. This is hardly the place or the time for impertinence. A. But they did say they ‘just knew,' didn't they? I read Mrs Simard's testimony in the paper! And what about the fire hydrants that opened themselves? And the gas pumps that broke their own locks and turned themselves on? The power lines that climbed down off their poles! And Q. Miss Snell, please A. Those things are in the record of this Commission's proceedings! Q. This is not an issue here. A. Then what is? Are you looking for the truth or just a scapegoat?

Lois Lowry essays

Lois Lowry essays ... Now I deal with the frustrations, fears, and disappointments of life by making stories out of them: by examining them, tipping them upside down and inside out arranging them in an order that makes sense, weaving them through with details and holding them up to the light. That is how Lois Lowry comes up with her stories. By taking all her emotions and what everyone deals with in life and also by using some of her childhood memories in writing her stories. Lois Lowry was born on March 20, 1973 in Honolulu, Hawaii. Her parents were Robert E. Hammersberg and Katherine Hammersberg, who was a teacher. Her father was a dentist who was stationed with the army at Pearl Harbor, but before the bombing, the family moved to the mainland in the Amish country of Pennsylvania. The house and town in Pennsylvania where she grew up is used as the setting for one of her books called, Autumn Street. Lois Lowrys intelligence was shown early at the age of three years-old, she learned how to read at the age of three years-old. Lowry attended Brown University through the years 1954 and 1956 but even though she was smart, she dropped out of college early because of the tradition of the fifties to marry early. She married Donald Grey Lowry who was an attorney on June 11, 1956. She gave birth to Alex, Grey, Kristen, and Benjamin. Lowry finally divorced in 1977, where she went back to college at University of Southern Maine where she got her B.A. Although my books deal largely with families, I also attach a great deal of importance to friendships. Those are the things young people should pay attention to in their lives. That is how Lois Lowry get her methods of stories, by an idea that her stories can move and teach younger people and to those who read her stories provide them with strong motivation. She has an ability to explore young readers lives and relationships in w ...

A Comparative Perspective African Slave Trade and Spanish Rule in Peru

A Comparative Perspective African Slave Trade and Spanish Rule in Peru Research Argument Guaman (13) and Vazquez (15) view the Spanish rule in Peru as an epoch characterized by suffering among the indigenous communities and destruction of indigenous socio-political institutions. On the same note, Guaman includes a Christian perspective whereby he insists on the Kingdom.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on A Comparative Perspective: African Slave Trade and Spanish Rule in Peru specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Similarities in Perspectives According to Vazquez (45) and Mbemba (43), the slave trade in Africa and Spanish rule in Peru witnessed the annihilation of the existing political systems and the introduction of foreign ones. In Africa, the Arabs introduced the Islamic legal system based on the Sharia law along the East African coast and in West Africa, which replaced the indigenous decentralized system of government. According to Mbemba (23), both the Arab Slave trade in Africa an d the Trans-Atlantic slave trade exposed Africa to the outside world leading to the colonization of the continent. In Peru, the inception of the Spanish rule was marked by the destruction of the indigenous Incan political system by the Spaniards (Vazquez 56). The tremendous decline of native populations was a common consequence of African slave trade and Spaniard occupation of Peru. During the Trans-Atlantic slave trade, thousands of Africans died during capture, Middle Passage, and in the plantations and mines in America (Mbemba 22). In Peru, the introduction of infectious diseases such as smallpox by the Spaniards led to the decimation of over nine million Amerindians between 1520 and 1620 (Vazquez 43). Mbemba (12) and Vazquez (34) also argue that the two events were also characterized by the exploitation of the locals by foreigners. The Viceroyalty of Peru pursued economic development via mineral extraction and creation of a commercial monopoly. The viceroys used native forced la bor in mining and imposed taxes on the locals. In Africa, slave trade weakened the local economies; important labor forces were moved from the continent while slave raids disrupted economic activities on the continent (Vazquez 83). Variation in Perspectives Vazquez (98) posits that the political economy created by the Spaniards in Peru was characterized by competition for economic wealth between the Amerindians and the Spaniards. The Amerindians acquired wealth and influence. On the other hand, Rodney sums up the slave trade in Africa as well as the colonial epoch as having grossly underdeveloped the continent (Mbemba 12). In 1570s, Viceroy Fransisco dde Toledo unsuccessfully reorganized property rights, refining technology, and land policy in Peru to revitalize Spaniard control and boost silver production. This economic reorganization was futile in toppling Amerindian competition over silver and crude ore appropriation. Vazquez (2) presents the Spaniard political economy as a strug gle to control and contain competition that would enable the locals accumulate wealth.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Nonetheless, the Indian communities, individuals, social climbers, commoners, ethnic notables, and lords persistently competed with the Spanish for profit in the commercial economy established in the post-conquest era. Vazquez (27) presents a scenario of the presence of competition between the colonizers and the colonized, and among the colonizers in Peru with the Amerindians refusing and circumventing the exploitative Hispanized commercial economy. Mbemba (15) presents a systematic exploitation process of the African continent by foreigners stretching from the slave trade to the neocolonial era. During slave trade, particularly the Trans-Atlantic slave trade, the African societies were depleted their able labor force that left them incapable of stagi ng formidable resistance on the intruders. While Mbemba (13) presents conquest as the main avenue through which Spaniards gained control of Peru, African societies are to blame for the slave trade menace. There existed the institution of slavery among some African societies, which the outsiders exploited to their advantage. The variation in the two writers’ perspectives in regard to the African and Amerindian responses to slavery and Spanish occupation respectively is largely informed by the context of the societies they wrote on; the weakened African society and the politically conscious Incan empire (Guaman 53). Undoubtedly, colonialism in Peru and slave trade in Africa were characterized by cultural exchange. The Amerindians adopted Christianity from their conquerors. The Africans adopted Islam from the Arab slave traders and later Christianity from the Europeans. Guaman, Felipe. Chronicle: First New Chronicle and Good Government: on the History of the World and the Incas up to 1615. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 2009. Print. Mbemba, Nzinga. Appeal to the King of Portugal (1526). New York: Curtis Brown, 1964. Print.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on A Comparative Perspective: African Slave Trade and Spanish Rule in Peru specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Vazquez, Antonio. Mercury Mining in Huanacavelica and Silver Mining in Potosi (1620s). New York: WW Norton Co, 2011. Print.

Business models of Staples Inc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business models of Staples Inc - Essay Example Safety is an issue that affects the running of the business, but staples have that covered under their safety supplies. Staples are a business concept that surpasses supplying products only by offering a list of easy to obtain services tailor made for the customers. They offer mailing and shipping services. For any business that requires the Copy and Print services, they are readily available within their customer center. They also offer Promotional services and the modern Cloud Software. Technology trade-ins and tech Support Services is a business portfolio they use to attract and maintain their customers. In addition, they have a Recycling and Eco-Services, a Business Hub, Textbook Rental, Staples Credit Center and Staples Merchant Services. Staples Inc. are Retailers who have stores where customers come and pick their products. They have retail stores, restaurants and online features for order and shipment of their products. They offer as a link between manufacturers of the broader products as above. They trade using their original name in cities across USA and slightly change their name in other countries like Italy. T some extent Staples become distributors by working with other enterprises, but these are exclusively in the US in the business-to-business and business-to-company models. The advertising procedure utilized by Staples concentrates on the target business sector of commonplace buyers and organizations. By designating sensible costs and straightforwardly mailing advancements to homes, Staples targets everybody from regular clients to larger enterprises. Staples can offer office supplies in mass or single units. They have secured the establishment for office supply superstores. In 2003, Staples started their committed fight to make their organization client centered. Â  

Effective leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Effective leadership - Essay Example Discussion Lincoln’s Presidency is remembered for the American Civil War and the abolition of slavery, a goal for which he himself unfortunately had to pay the ultimate price of losing his life at the hands of John Wilkes Booth, a Confederate supporter. Yet Lincoln’s commonsense and well thought out approach to leadership makes us look at his life and principles again and again. He was a man who truly practiced what he preached. His undying and concerted efforts not only won the war for the Union but he also led from the front, marshalling and advising his forces and generals, while raising support and winning over the common man to the cause of freedom and equality for all, one of the principal features of our constitution and the American way of life, where each is free to do as he likes in the pursuit of happiness for the collective good of all. The author has very cleverly structured the book into four sections: People, Character, Endeavour and Communication. Abraha m Lincoln’s way of dealing with people was rather unique, and as the author puts it, he may have been one of the earliest leaders to advocate and follow the principle of Management by Wandering Around, as later defined by Peters and Waterman in their bestseller ‘In Search of Excellence’. Lincoln believed in getting out of his office and circulating among the troops (Phillips, 14). Of course, where he could not do it in person, his messages of encouragement and comfort were instrumental in raising the troops’ morale and winning over many a man to his cause. During the four year Civil War, Lincoln spent a lot of time with the War Office, the Army and the Navy, inspecting troops and weaponry and noting their capabilities. He wanted the latest information at all times and is even known to be one of the only Presidents that came under enemy fire in a war situation. Lincoln walked across to his Secretary of State Edwin M. Stanton’s office every day to get the latest on the war situation. Besides having his weekly meetings at the set times and locations, Lincoln was often known to call extempore sessions of his cabinet and advisors as the need arose. Rather than lock himself away in an ivory tower, Lincoln loved to roam among the people. He would make himself accessible to most people almost 75% of the time, and believed that these ‘public opinion baths’ were necessary to gain the support of people as well as make himself a visible leader while garnering the thoughts and opinions of the populace. He favored as little security and protocol as possible, believing that a true and righteous leader had nothing to fear. Lincoln was also known to be an approachable leader with an efficacious, amicable style. He had an open door policy with all men reporting to him and wished to be visible and available to them. In the chapter Build Strong Alliances, the author wants to show us how the President used his wit, charm, communicatio n and oratory skills to win not only Court arguments while in his practice at Springfield but also to opponents and people on the sidelines regarding the slavery issue. Lincoln was full of wisecracks, anecdotes and stories that would help in winning men over to the cause of emancipation. Another of Lincoln’s erudite principles of leadership was Persuade Rather than Coerce (Phillips, 39). Lincoln

Ethics Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethics - Coursework Example This may cause unhealthy conflict among the team members who may not be comfortable with the scrutiny and strictness that results from this kind of thinking. Understanding ones preferences as a leader are important in helping establish healthy leader-subjects relationship. It is a part of the self-awareness that is known to create a bridge between people with different personalities. Diversity being an expected aspect of teams and organization, understanding and being able to control ones thinking preferences makes one an engaging and respecting the leader (Marcic & Daft, 2013). When, for instance, a leader knows that he or she prefers imaginative thinking, they will be able to control it in such a way that it does not affect their focus on reality. In emotional intelligence, a leader can focus attention on the most important aspect of leader-subject relationship this is the emotional congruence and relationship. Any leadership process involves interacting with people at various levels. These interactions create emotions on the side of the leader as well as on the side of the subjects. According to Hughes et al. (2011), emotional intelligence does not only entail knowing or learning about the emotions of other peoples but self-awareness is an important principle. With self-awareness, the leader is able to focus on the personal emotions and feelings and hence align directly with the expectations of the subjects while still maintaining a cordial but professional relationship (Hughes et al., 2011). With self-regulation, an attribute of emotional intelligence, the leaders can successfully identify their personal values and those of their subjects. This develops within the relationship the notion of being accountable and knowing the limits of one another. The importance of this is that there is self-restraint from within the leadership structure and between the

The kite Runner Essay Example for Free

The kite Runner Essay The Kite Runner, by Khaled Hosseini is a book many readers might appreciate. The book inflicts turmoil of emotions and leave readers in shock. The Kite Runner illustrates a heartbreaking friendship and other relationships that make the story come alive. Readers will appreciate the love, friendship and redemption. The characters are Amir, Hassan, Baba, Ali, Sohrab and Assef. Amir is selfish, Hassan is loyal, Baba is brave, Ali is dutiful, and Assef is cruel. Amir is the protagonist of the book, Hassan is a servant in Amir’s house. Hassan is loyal to Amir and Ali is another servant to Amir and Baba (Amir’s dad). The reader gets a feel for the relationship between Amir and Hassan on page 34. â€Å"Then he (Ali) would remind us that there was a brotherhood between people who had fed from the same breast, a kinship that not even time could break. Hassan and I fed from the same breasts. We took our first steps on the same lawn in the same yard. And, under the same roof, we spoke our first words. Mine was Baba. His was Amir. My name. The story is set in 1975 through 2001, Afghanistan and United States, specifically in Kabul and California. The significance of the Kabul, Afghanistan setting is that it’s when the Afghanistan monarchy is overthrown, through the Soviet military intervention and the rise of the Taliban regime. The significance of the setting’s shift from Kabul, Afghanistan to California, United States is that because the Soviet military intervenes in Afghanistan, Amir and Baba escape to Peshawar, Pakistan, and then to Fremont, California, where they settle in a run-down apartment Amir faces certain forces and pressures. Amir is having a self vs.self-problem, he has to decide whether to go back to Kabul in order to get Sohrab (Hassan’s son) from an orphanage or leave him there. He meets these forces and pressures by deciding to go back to Kabul and save Sohrab from the dangerous city. You can see this early in the story on page 300. The tension rises when Amir makes it to Kabul. Amir notices that their signs of war and destroyed villages. This might leave a reader feeling worried because readers might think that Amir will back down and not save Sohrab or that Amir will get hurt. The story climaxes when Amir goes to the orphanage, and finds out that Sohrab isn’t there but was taken by a Taliban official. When Amir finds Sohrab, he finds out that Assef a childhood bully and who raped Hassan, has Sohrab in his house. Amir has to fight Assef, but Sohrab ends up saving Amir and himself by throwing a rock in Assefs eye with a slingshot. â€Å"Dont hurt him anymore. â€Å"Put it down. Please. Put it down! Put it down! Assef let go of my throat. Lunged at Sohrab. The slingshot made a thwit sound when Sohrab released the cup. Then Assef was screaming. He put his hand where his left eye had been just a moment ago. † The falling action ultimately resolves the conflict. Amir finally takes Sohrab to the United states, where Amir raises Sohrab as his child. It’s a self vs. self-type of conflict that’s driving this story. Amir in the beginning is a selfless person and does things he regrets such as not saving Hassan from being raped and having Hassan having to leave his home. But by saving Sohrab, Hassan’s son and raising him, Amir finds a way to redeem himself.

Survey on Traffic Pattern Discovery in Mobile Ad hoc Network

Survey on Traffic Pattern Discovery in Mobile Ad hoc Network Priyanka Sen Priti Saktel Abstract— Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is one of the networks of mobile routers that is self-configuring and connected by wireless links. Anonymity communication is one of the major issues in MANET. Though there are many anonymity enhancing techniques that have been proposed based on packet encryption to protect the communication anonymity of mobile ad hoc networks. There are still passive statistical traffic analysis attacks that can be vulnerable to MANET. The communication anonymity consists of two aspects: source/destination anonymity and end-to-end anonymity. In order to discover the communication pattern without decrypting the captured packets, this proposed system will be designed. The proposed system will first search the required node by using a heuristic approach. Then statistical traffic analysis will be performed to find the data transmission of the searched node to its neighboring nodes. After performing the statistical traffic analysis whether the search node is source or destination will be estimated. With the help of this estimation the traffic pattern will be discovered. The utility of this proposed system is basically in military environment. Keywords— Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET), anonymity communication, statistical traffic analysis. I. Introduction Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a self configuring infrastructure less network of mobile devices connected by wireless network. It is one of the types of ad hoc network. Every device in MANET is independent to move. This results in changes of link of such device. Thus MANET is also known as an infrastructure less network. The devices that are present in the network must forward the traffic to other devices. In MANET each device must act as a router. The basic figure of a mobile ad hoc network can be illustrated in Fig 1. One of the critical issues of MANET is communication anonymity. Anonymity can be defined as the state in which identity of an object that performs the action is hidden. An anonymous communication system can be defined as a technology that hides the object identity. Communication anonymity [1] has two aspects: Source/destination anonymity and End-to-End relationship anonymity. In source/destination anonymity it is difficult to identify the sources or the destinations of the network flows while in end-to-end relationship anonymity it is difficult to identify the end to- end communication relations. In MANET communication anonymity has been proposed by anonymous routing protocols such as ANODR (ANonymous On-Demand Routing) [7], OLAR (On-demand Lightweight Anonymous Routing) [6]. All these anonymous routing protocols rely on packet encryption to hide the information from attackers. Still the passive attackers can eavesdrop on the wireless channel, intercept the transmission, and then perform traffic analysis attacks. Traffic analysis [10] is one of the types of passive attack in MANET. Traffic analysis is further subdivided into predecessor attack [8] and disclosure attack [9]. The following are the three nature of MANET due to which above approaches do not work well to analyze traffic in MANET: 1) Broadcasting nature: In wired networks point to point transmission can be easily applied to only one possible receiver. While in wireless network message is broadcasted to multiple receivers. 2) Ad hoc nature: Mobile node can be served as both source and destination. This can create confusion to determine the role of the node. 3) Mobile nature: Traffic analysis model do not consider the mobility of communication peers. This makes the communication among mobile node more complex. There is a need of such a technology which can analyze traffic without any interruption of the above three characteristics of MANET. This proposed system fulfills the need. The objective of this paper is to show that passive attackers can perform traffic analysis without the knowledge of the adversaries. This approach is required in military environment. The proposed system will perform statistical traffic analysis to discover the traffic pattern. This system will perform the point to point as well as end-to-end traffic analysis among receivers. Indirectly this calculation will provide probable source and destination of the network that will discover the hidden traffic pattern. Thus the adversaries will not be able to know about the traffic analysis. Fig. 1. Mobile Ad hoc Network The remaining paper is organized as follows: Section II describes the previous work. Section III presents the proposed work. Section IV describes the expected outcome of the proposed system. Lastly section V presents the conclusion. II. PREVIOUS WORK Yang Qin, Dijiang Huang and Bing Li [1], proposed that though there are many anonymous routing protocols and anonymous enhancing techniques available still mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is vulnerable to passive statistical traffic analysis attacks. The authors proposed a system called as Statistical Traffic Pattern Discovery System (STARS). A STAR is used to discover the hidden traffic pattern in MANET. The drawback of this proposed system is that no searching algorithm is applied to search the traffic free path. Douglas Kelly, Richard Raines, Rusty Baldwin, Michael Grimaila, and Barry Mullins [2], investigated on anonymity. For a user anonymity can be defined as using any services while keeping their identity hidden from an adversary. Anonymity help user to protect their data from attacks. Unidentifiability, Unlinkability, and Unobservability are the three properties of anonymity. Unidentifiability means the adversary is unable to determine one’s identity or action among similar ones. Unlinkability means the adversary is unable to relate messages or actions by observing the system. Unobservability means the adversary is unable to observe the presence of messages or action in the system. Since unobservability keeps the identity of messages or action secret it can be implied as anonymity. Unidentifiability is subdivided into sender anonymity (SA), receiver anonymity (RA), mutual anonymity (MA) and group anonymity (GA). Unlinkability is subdivided into location anonymity (LA), communicat ion anonymity (CA) and group communication anonymity (GCA). In order to discover the traffic pattern we have to work on unidentifiability property of anonymity and decrease the sender anonymity (SA) and receiver anonymity (RA). Lei Liu, Xiaolong Jin, Geyong Min, and Li Xu [3], proposed that in order to detect the attack in a network traffic intensity and packet number are the two important metrics. Lei et al. had designed an anomaly detection system. This anomaly detection system is used to detect the distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack in MANET. When traffic analysis is carried on MANET these two metrics are used to detect the DDoS attack. Similarly when traffic analysis will be carried on our proposed system data transmission will be considered as a parameter. We can conclude that data transmission will be an important factor whenever traffic analysis will be carried out, though the reason may be for detection of attack or for discovery of traffic pattern. Zhilin Zhang and Yu Zhang [4], introduced that control traffic plays an important role in route discovery in MANET. The characteristic that involve to carry out research on control traffic in MANET when on demand routing protocols are used include distribution of nodes’ control packet traffic, communication of control packets between nodes, rate of RREQ (route request) packets and the ratio of number of RREQ packets originating from one node to all RREQ packets relayed by this node. These characteristics of control traffic are affected by factors such as mobility, node density and data traffic. Thus theoretically we can determine that indirectly one of the factors of control traffic is data traffic. Hence we can conclude that control traffic will also play an important role in route discovery in our proposed system though the situation will be different. In our proposed system we will find traffic free path i.e. control traffic path so that it will be easy to find out the numb er of data packets transmitted to neighboring nodes. This will help us to discover route in our proposed system. Y. Liu, R. Zhang, J. Shi, and Y. Zhang [5] designed a novel algorithm called as traffic inference algorithm (TIA) which allows an adversary to infer the traffic pattern in MANET. This algorithm is based on the assumption that difference between data frames, routing frames and MAC control frames is visible to passive adversaries. Through these differences they can identify the point-to-point traffic using the MAC control frames, recognize the end-to-end traffic by tracing the routing frames and then find out the actual traffic pattern using the data frames. This algorithm is not a successful invention as it depends on the deterministic network behaviors. Stephen Dabideen and J.J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves [6], proposed that routing in MANET using depth first search (DFS) is feasible as well as efficient than breadth first search (BFS). The algorithm introduced is called as ordered walk search algorithm (OSA). The objective of this algorithm is to take advantage of the smaller time complexity of BFS and combine it with the low communication complexity of DFS in order to improve the efficiency of the search through the known path information. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of OSA, ordered walk with learning (OWL) routing protocol has been presented which uses DFS to establish and repair paths from the source to the destination with minimum signaling overhead and fast convergence. The following are the advantages of DFS over BFS that had been investigated by Stephen et al. in MANET: (i) DFS require less overhead as compared to BFS. When large number of nodes is performing BFS, the routing TABLE 1 COMPARISON OF SEARCHING ALGORITHMS overhead can saturate the network making it difficult to deliver any packets. However DFS use only small network for routing. (ii) When BFS is used in a network, where there are multiple flows of search packets this situation can lead to increase the load on network and loss of packets. On the other hand as DFS involves only a small part of the network, thus this reduces the load in the network and results in less packet loss. A comparative study of searching algorithms is shown in TABLE I. From this table we conclude that DFS is better searching algorithm for MANET than BFS. III. PROPOSED WORK One of the characteristic of MANET is that all the nodes are hidden. This proposed system will unhide the nodes by using one of the searching algorithms. The searching algorithm chosen for searching the node will be depth first search (DFS). Source node will use DFS algorithm for traversing or searching the path in the network. Then statistical traffic pattern analysis will be performed on these searched nodes. This analysis will provide an estimation of the data transmitted to all the neighboring nodes of every searched node. We can discover the traffic pattern by using probability distribution. The working of each of the module is explained in detailed below. A. Searching node in MANET using depth first search. In this proposed system we are using DFS for routing decisions. When a node receives message for the first time, it sorts all its neighboring nodes according to their distance to destination and then uses that same order in DFS algorithm. It starts its searching from the source node and updates one hop neighbors. This search continues to reach traffic free path between source and destination node. As shown in Fig. 2, depth first search works on tree or graph. The Fig. 2 gives an example of DFS routing path for the following graph: The searching starts from root node A. It is assumed that the left edges are selected than the right edges. Each node remembers the last visiting nodes which help to backtrack and reach the last node to complete the traversing. From Fig. 2 the path will be: A, B, D, E, C, and F. B. Statistical traffic analysis of packets in MANET For point-to-point (one hop) traffic in a certain period, first build point-to-point traffic matrices such that each traffic Fig. 2. Depth First Search matrix only contains independent hop packets. There can be situation in which two packets captured at different time could be the same packet appearing at different location. In order to avoid a single point-to-point traffic matrix form containing two dependent packets time slicing technique is used. Time slice technique is technique in which the process is allowed to run in a preemptive multitasking system. This is called as the time slice or quantum. The scheduler runs once every time slice to choose the next process to run. In this proposed system a sequence of snapshots during a time interval constructs a slice represented by a traffic matrix. The traffic matrix is denoted by W. This traffic matrix will consists of traffic volume from one node to another. For example, Here 1 indicates that there is transmission of data (traffic volume) from node 1 to node 2 whereas 0 indicate that there is no transmission of data between the two nodes. C. Discovery of system The traffic matrix tell us the deduce point-to-point and end-to-end traffic volume between each pair of nodes. We need to discover the actual source or destination in order to discover the traffic pattern. Here probability distribution is used. Probability distribution calculates the probability of the data transmitted to neighboring node which provide an accurate estimation of a node as source or destination. This will help to discover the traffic pattern. The equation required for source probability distribution is The equation required for destination probability distribution is Fig.3. System Flow Diagram Where s’(i) is the source vector, N is number of nodes, r(i,j) is the accumulative traffic volume from node i to node j, d’(i) is the destination vector. In the Fig. 3, the flow of the proposed system is explained. When the system will start it will form a network. This network will consist of certain number of nodes. All the nodes will be browsed. In order to search the node a heuristic searching algorithm will be applied. If the required node is present then statistical traffic analysis will be performed on it. After performing statistical traffic analysis probability distribution will be applied to discover the traffic pattern. However, if the required node is not found then the system will stop and no further process will be carried out. IV. EXPECTED OUTCOME From the idea of the proposed system we are clear with two outcomes. The outcomes will be to discover traffic pattern in MANET and to find probability of point to point transmission among receivers. These two outcomes are discussed below. 1. Discovery of traffic pattern in MANET The first step to discover traffic pattern will be searching a node. Then using point-to-point traffic matrix and end-to-end traffic matrix a statistical traffic analysis will be performed. The parameter to be considered for traffic pattern discovery will be number of data transmitted. 2. Probability of point to point transmission among receivers is estimated Point-to-Point transmission can be estimated by point-to-point traffic matrix. This matrix will consists of traffic volume between each node at one hop distance. The calculated traffic matrix will be used to determine the probability of point to point transmission among receivers. V. CONCLUSION The proposed system will be an attacking system. As nodes are hidden in MANET a heuristic searching algorithm will be applied. This heuristic searching algorithm will be depth first search (DFS).This system will perform statistical traffic analysis to find the data transmission between one to one and one to many nodes. Probability of point to point transmission among receivers will be estimated by point-to-point traffic matrix. Then by calculating multihop traffic and performing probability distribution the traffic pattern will be discovered. This will provide an approximate traffic pattern with approximate source and destination in the network. The proposed system will reduce the issue of anonymous communication in mobile ad hoc network (MANET). REFERENCES Yang Qin, Dijiang Huang and Bing Li â€Å"STARS: A Statistical Traffic Pattern Discovery System for MANETs† IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing, Vol. 11, No. 2, March/April 2014. 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