Solar Tracking System And Hybrid Power Generation

Gujarat Technological University Chandkheda, Ahmedabad Affiliated BIRLA VISHVAKARMA MAHAVIDYALAYA A Project Report On SOLAR TRACKING SYSTEM HYBRID POWER GENERATION BE IV, Semester VII Electronics Telecommunication Engineering Submitted By ANKUR BUSA 130080112011 ABHISHEK SINGH 130080112011 MUGDHA JAIN 130080112033 MEGHA PATEL 140083112011 Internal Guide DR. MEHUL B. SHAH External Guide GAURANG V. PATEL DR. MEHUL B. SHAH (Head of Department) Academic Year 2016-2017 BIRLA VISHVAKARMA MAHAVIDYALAYA ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING CERTIFICATE THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THE PROJECT ENTITLED WITH â€Å"SOLAR TRACKING SYSTEM AND HYBRID POWER GENERATION† HAS BEEN COMPLETED BY ANKUR BUSA, ABHISHEK SINGH, MUGDHA JAIN AND MEGHA PATEL OF UNDER MY GUIDANCE IN FULFILMENT OF SEMESTER-VII OF BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING IN ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT DURING THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2016-2017. DR. MEHUL B. SHAH GAURANG V. 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Ethics and Socially Responsive Business - 703 Words

The Cheesecake Factory The Cheesecake Factory has been one of the more successful chain restaurants in recent years because they have provided great food and outstanding customer service in a fun atmosphere. The cheesecake factory employs a high standard of general conduct and moral aptitude. As a chief executive officer in today’s society, it is my responsibility to ensure The Cheesecake Factory abides by the laws and ethical duties that are mandated by today’s society. There is a copious amount of benefits to being a chief executive officer, however there is an equal amount of risk as chief executive officers are held liable for almost any action or infraction that their company has induced. The Cheesecake Factory requires all their†¦show more content†¦Communication is the most important aspects to running a successful business. Inefficient communication can negatively impact the company in various ways. If there is harassment or our equal opportunity obligations are not being maintained, it can lead to hostility, distrust and loss of respect between staff members and it could potentially lead to emotionally distraught staff members, poor customer service and even a lawsuit. Also, The Cheesecake Factory requires all staff members to cooperate with investigations of possible violations. The Cheesecake Factory has developed an employee staff relations hotline to help prevent these potential outcomes and resolve any situations that do not coincide with The Cheesecake Factory’s code of ethics. The last key element to The Cheesecake Factory’s code of ethics is the supervisor’s roles and responsibilities. Supervisors are the personnel for ensurin g the cooperation and enforcement of the Cheesecake Factories code of ethics. Supervisors are responsible for knowing the company’s policies and conducting themselves in a professional matter. 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Vacation Destination Preferencees Free Essays

CHAPTER 1: The Problem and its Background Introduction Vacation destinations are places where someone can go or take a visit to free from work and away from home. These places may be beaches, landmarks, forests, and others in type. Visiting these places requires no age but still, it is better that the place is suitable or appropriate to anyone who visit it. We will write a custom essay sample on Vacation Destination Preferencees or any similar topic only for you Order Now Summer is approaching. Many families or people will surely find a place for their vacation, a place where they can spend their times together. Somewhere which is stress-free and will give them the peaceful feeling they want. Wherever place it is, they’ll definitely need some money to enjoy and in able to reach their desired destination. The Philippines contains many islands that will definitely give the qualities people want from vacation places, especially the amenities that can be found on it. The purpose of this research is to identify the preferred vacation destinations of the constituents and to know their plans on visiting the places. Moreover, the researcher is interested in taking a more serious look into the most preferable vacation destinations for the residents or constituents of a particular barangay. Statement of the Problem This study was undertaken to find out the most preferable vacation destinations of the constituents of Barangay 502 Sampaloc, Manila and their plans regarding to their visit on the place. Specifically, this study sought answers to the following research questions: 1. What type of place do the constituents prefer for a vacation? 2. Whom do the constituents like to go with for a vacation? 3. How much money do the constituents willing to spend for a vacation? 4. What particular vacation destination/s here in the Philippines do the constituents prefer for a vacation? . 1 In Luzon? 5. 2 In Visayas? 5. 3 In Mindanao? Scope and Limitations This study looked into the preferable vacation destinations here in the Philippines, specifically in Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao and their plans regarding to their visit on the place. Only 50 constituents of Barangay 502 Sampaloc, Manila were involved. No attempt was made to compare and correlate these vacation destinations with any other places in any other countries. Definition of Terms Preference the choice of one thing or person over another (Webster’s Student Dictionary) Vacationa time set aside from work (Webster’s Student Dictionary) Amenityagreeableness; pleasantness (Webster’s Student Dictionary) Constituentserving to form or compose as a necessary part (Webster’s Student Dictionary) Relaxto rest (Webster’s Student Dictionary) Research Methodology Research Design The Descriptive method was used to achieve the objectives of this study. This method seeks to describe a present existing condition, which in this study were the preferable vacation destinations of the constituents of a particular barangay and their plans regarding on the visit to the place. Respondents The target population consisted of 50 constituents of Barangay 502 Sampaloc, Manila, 32 males and 18 females to be specific. Research Instrument The researcher prepared a checklist which was used for the survey. Data-Gathering Procedure The data were drawn from the 50 constituents of Barangay 502 Sampaloc, Manila who were given a checklist-type of questionnaires for the survey. The researcher gave the checklist individually and it lasted for 3 days. Statistical Treatment Individual responses were tallied before they were put in tables ready for the statistical treatment. Percentage was utilized to quantify the data gathered for subproblems 1, 2, 3, 4. 1, 4. 2 and 4. 3. The formula for percentage is: P= f/N x 100 Where: P= percentage f= frequency N= total number of respondents CHAPTER 2: Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data Gathered This chapter presents the data gathered regarding the most preferred vacation destinations of the constituents of a particular barangay and their plans regarding on visit to the place, and proceeds to the analysis and interpretation of said data. Subproblem 1What type of place do the constituents prefer for a vacation? Table 1 Type of Place of the Constituents for a Vacation Type of Place| Male| %| Female| %| Total| %| Rank| a. Beach| 24| 75%| 13| 73%| 37| 74%| 1| b. Landmark| 2| 6%| 2| 12%| 4| 8%| 3| c. Amusement Park| 2| 6%| 3| 17%| 5| 10%| 2| d. Mountain| 2| 6%| 2| 12%| 4| 8%| 3| e. Forest| 2| 6%| 3| 17%| 5| 10%| 2| Table 1 presents the preferred type of place of the constituents for a vacation. Among the male constituents, 24 or 75% preferred to go to Beach for a vacation, while the Landmark, Amusement Park, Mountain, and Forest each got a 2 or 6% from the male constituents. Among the female constituents, 13 or 73% preferred to go to beach for a vacation, Amusement Park and Forest each got 3 or 17%, and both Landmark and Mountain got 2 or 12% from the female constituents. As a whole, 74% of the constituents preferred the Beach as their type of place for vacation, 10% for Amusement Park and Forest, and 8% for Landmark and Mountain. Subproblem 2With whom do the constituents like to go for a vacation? Table 2 Companion of the Constituents for a Vacation Companion| Male| %| Female| %| Total| %| Rank| a. Family| 18| 56%| 10| 56%| 28| 56%| 1| . Friends| 6| 19%| 3| 17%| 9| 18%| 3| c. Special Friend| 5| 16%| 5| 28%| 10| 20%| 2| d. Alone| 3| 9%| 2| 12%| 5| 10%| 4| Table 2 presents the preferred companion of the constituents for a vacation. Among the male constituents, 18 or 56% like to go with their families for a vacation, 6 or 19% with their friends, 5 or 16% with a special friend and 3 or 9% like to go by themselves. Among the female constituents, 10 or 56% wa nt to go with their families for a vacation, 5 or 28% with a special friend, 3 or 17% with their friends and 2 or 12% like to go alone. As a whole, 56% of the constituents like to go with their families for a vacation, 20% with their special friends and 10% want to go by themselves. Subproblem 3How much money do the constituents willing to spend for a vacation? Table 3 Amount Money of the Constituents to Spend for a Vacation Amount| Male| %| Female| %| Total| %| Rank| a. P1,000-P3,500| 6| 19%| 4| 23%| 10| 20%| 2| b. P3,500-P7,000| 2| 6%| 4| 23%| 6| 12%| 3| c. P7,000-P12,000| 8| 25%| 2| 12%| 10| 20%| 2| d. P12,000-P20,000| 15| 47%| 7| 39%| 22| 44%| 1| Table 3 presents the amount that the constituents willing to spend for a vacation. Among the male constituents, 15 or 47% were willing to spend P12,000-P20,000 for a vacation, 8 or 25% for an amount of P7,000-P12,000, 6 or 19% for P1,000-P3,500, and 2 or 6% were willing to spend P3,500-P7,000. Among the female constituents, 7 or 39% were willing to spend P12,000-P20,000, while an amount of P1,000-P3,500 and P3,500-P7,000 each got 4 or 23% from the female constituents and 2 or 12% for P7,000-P12,000. As a whole, 44% were willing to spend P12,000-P20,000 for a vacation, 20% for an amount of P1,000-P3,500 and P7,000-P12,000, and 12% for P3,500-P7,000. Subproblem 4What vacation destination/s here in the Philippines do the constituents prefer for a vacation? Subproblem 4. 1 in Luzon? Table 4. 1 Vacation Destinations of the Constituents in Luzon Luzon| Male| %| Female| %| Total| %| Rank| Baguio City| 18| 56%| 8| 45%| 26| 52%| 1| Puerto Galera| 10| 31%| 2| 12%| 12| 24%| 4| Puerto Princesa| 12| 38%| 4| 23%| 16| 32%| 2| Tagaytay| 7| 22%| 5| 28%| 12| 24%| 4| Makati City| 2| 6%| 0| 0%| 2| 4%| 8| Caramoan Peninsula| 7| 22%| 1| 6%| 8| 16%| 5| Camarines Sur| 11| 34%| 4| 23%| 15| 30%| 3| Subic| 11| 34%| 5| 28%| 16| 32%| 2| La Union| 2| 6%| 3| 17%| 5| 10%| 6| Banaue| 1| 3%| 3| 17%| 4| 8%| 7| Table 4. 1 presents the preferred vacation destinations in Luzon of the constituents for a vacation. Among the male constituents, 18 or 56% want to go to Baguio City, 12 or 38% to Camarines Sur and Subic, 10 or 31% to Puerto Galera, 7 or 22% to Tagaytay and Caramoan Peninsula, 2 or 6% to Makati City and La Union, and only 1 or 3% want to go to Banaue. Among the female constituents, 8 or 45% want to go to Baguio City, 5 or 28% to Tagaytay and Subic, 4 or 23% to Puerto Princesa and Camarines Sur, 3 or 17% to La Union and Banaue, 2 or 12% to Puerto Galera and 1 or 6% to Caramoan Peninsula. As a whole, 52% of the constituents want to go to Baguio City for a vacation, 32% to Puerto Princesa and Subic, 30% to Camarines Sur, 24% to Puerto Galera and Tagaytay, 16% to Caramoan Peninsula, 10% to La Union, 8% to Banaue and only 4% want to go to Makati City for vacation. Subproblem 4. 2in Visayas? Table 4. 2 Vacation Destinations of the Constituents in Visayas Visayas| Male| %| Female| %| Total| %| Rank | Aklan| 3| 9%| 2| 12%| 5| 10%| 4| Boracay| 25| 78%| 8| 45%| 33| 66%| 1| Bohol| 5| 16%| 7| 39%| 12| 24%| 2| Guimaras Island| 4| 13%| 1| 6%| 5| 10%| 4| Cebu City| 7| 22%| 5| 28%| 12| 24%| 2| Antique| 3| 9%| 1| 6%| 4| 8%| 5| Bacolod City| 5| 16%| 1| 6%| 6| 12%| 3| Valencia, Negros Oriental| 0| 10%| 0| 0%| 0| 0%| 8| Tacloban City| 1| 3%| 0| 0%| 1| 2%| 7| Iloilo City| 2| 6%| 0| 0%| 2| 4%| 6| Table 4. 2 presents the preferred vacation destinations of the constituents in Visayas. Among the male constituents, 25 or 78% want to go to Boracay, 7 or 22% to Cebu City, 5 or 16% to Bohol and Bacolod City, 4 or 13% to Guimaras Island, 3 or 9% to Aklan and Antique, 2 or 6% to Iloilo City, and 1 or 3% want to go to Tacloban City. Among the female constituents, 8 or 45% want to go to Boracay, 7 or 39% to Bohol, 5 or 28% to Cebu City, 2 or 12% to Aklan, and 1 or 6% want to go to Guimaras Island, Antique, and Bacolod City. As a whole, 66% of the constituents want to go to Boracay for a vacation, 24% to Bohol and Cebu City, 12% to Bacolod City, 10% to Aklan and Guimaras Island, 8% to Antique, 4% to Iloilo City, and 2% to Tacloban City. Subproblem 4. 3in Mindanao? Table 4. 3 Vacation Destinations of the Constituents in Mindanao Mindanao| Male| %| Female| %| Total| %| Rank| Camiguin Island| 7| 22%| 4| 23%| 11| 22%| 1| Compostella Valley| 1| 3%| 2| 12%| 3| 6%| 7| Davao| 6| 19%| 5| 28%| 11| 22%| 1| Dinagat Island| 4| 13%| 1| 6%| 5| 10%| 5| Zamboanga| 6| 19%| 1| 6%| 7| 14%| 3| Butuan City| 1| 3%| 1| 6%| 2| 4%| 8| Dipolog City| 4| 13%| 2| 12%| 6| 12%| 4| Koronadal City| 2| 6%| 2| 12%| 4| 8%| 6| Bucas Grande Island| 5| 16%| 2| 12%| 7| 14%| 3| Tawi-tawi| 6| 19%| 4| 23%| 10| 20%| 2| Table 4. 3 presents the preferred vacation destinations of the constituents in Mindanao. Among the male constituents, 7 or 22% want to go to Camiguin Island for a vacation, 6 or 19% to Davao, Tawi-tawi, and Zamboanga, 5 or 16% to Bucas Grande Islands, 4 or 13% to Dinagat Island and Dipolog City, 2 or 6% to Koronadal City and 1 or 3% to Compostella Valley and Butuan City. Among the female constituents, 5 or 28% want to go to Davao, 4 or 23% to Camiguin Island and Tawi-tawi, 2 or 12% to Compostella Valley, Dipolog City, Koronadal City, and Bucas Grande Islands, and 1 or 6% want to go to Dinagat Island, Zamboanga, and Butuan City. As a whole, 22% of the constituents want to go to Camiguin Island and Davao for a vacation, 20% to Tawi-tawi, 14% to Zamboanga and Bucas Grande Islands, 12% to Dipolog City, 10% to Dinagat Island, 8% to Koronadal City, 6% to Compostella Valley and 4% want to go to Butuan City. CHAPTER 3: Summary of Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations The purpose of this study was to know the most preferable vacation destinations here in the Philippines mainly, in Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao for the constituents of a particular barangay and their plans regarding on visit to the place. Using the Descriptive method, particularly the use of a checklist for the survey, the researcher gathered data from the 50 constituents of Barangay 502 Sampaloc, Manila. The data were quantified using percentage. Summary of Findings Based on the analysis and interpretation of data gathered, the findings are: Subproblem 1Type of Place * 74% wanted Beach as a type of vacation place * 10% preferred to go to Amusement Parks and Forests * 8% chose Landmarks and Mountains as vacation place Subproblem 2Companion * 56% preferred to go with family * 20% liked to go with special friend 18% wanted to go with friends * 10% just wanted to go alone Subproblem 3Amount to Spend * 44% were willing to spend P12,000-P20,000 * 20% were willing to spend an amount of P1,000-P3500 and P7,000-P12,000 * 12% were willing to spend P3,500-P7,000 Subproblem 4. 1Places in Luzon * 52% desired to go to Baguio City * 32% desired Puerto Princesa and Subic as a vacation place * 30% desired Camarines Sur as a vacation place * 24% desired Puerto Galera and Tagaytay as a vacation place * 16% desired Caramoan Peninsula as a vacation place 10% desired La Union as a vacation place * 8% desired Banaue as a vacation place * 4% desired Makati City as a vacation place Subproblem 4. 2Places in Visayas * 66% wanted to go to Boracay * 24% wanted Bohol and Cebu City as a vacation place * 12% wanted Bacolod City as a vacation place * 10% wanted Aklan and Guimaras Island as a vacation place * 8% wanted Antique as a vacation place * 4% wanted Iloilo City as a vacation place * 2% wanted Tacloban City as a vacation place Subproblem 4. 3Places in Mindanao * 22% liked to go to Camiguin Island and Davao 20% liked Tawi-tawi as a vacation place * 14% liked Zamboanga and Bucas Grande Islands as a vacation place * 12% liked Dipolog City as a vacation place * 10% liked Dinagat Island as a vacation place * 8% liked Koronadal City as a vacation place * 6% liked Compostella Valley as a vacation place * 4% liked Butuan City a s a vacation place Conclusions Based on the findings, the researcher arrived at these conclusions: 1. Type of place of the constituents for a vacation Majority of the constituents prefer the Beach for the type of vacation place. 2. Companion of the constituents for a vacation Majority of the constituents are going to a vacation with their families. 3. Amount of money the constituents willing to spend for a vacation Majority of the constituents are willing to spend an amount of P12,000-P20,000 for a vacation. 4. Vacation destinations here in the Philippines that the constituents want to visit. 5. 1 Luzon Majority of the constituents prefer to visit Baguio City for a vacation in Luzon. 5. 2 Visayas Majority of the constituents prefer to visit Boracay for a vacation in Visayas. 5. 3 Mindanao Majority of the constituents prefer to visit Camiguin Island and Davao for a vacation in Mindanao. Recommendations Based on the conclusions, the researcher endorses some ways to make the constituents enjoy and make their vacation as a memorable and an unforgettable experience of their lives. 1. In able to enjoy the vacation of the constituents, they must set aside first their problems and make the best things they could do to the place where they are taking vacation. This will surely make everyone on the vacation stress-free and free themselves from the things bothering them. 2. Cherish every moment of the vacation. These moments will surely make the constituents smile every time they remember the happenings and experiences they had on that vacation. 3. Enjoy the place. The view, the people, and the amenities that can be seen on the place. These things will definitely fulfill the enjoyment and make the vacation one of a kind. 4. Know the culture, the dialect, and the people of the place. These will give an extra-ordinary experience and additional knowledge for the constituents from the place of vacation. 5. Make the vacation as the time of loved ones. Vacation is the best time to have a quality time with the loved ones. How to cite Vacation Destination Preferencees, Essay examples

Origins of Health Disparities in Racial and Ethnic Minorities in the United States free essay sample

Health disparities are a huge cause for concern in the United States. The term health disparities is generally referred to as health or health care differences between racial/ethnic groups and includes differences in morbidity, mortality, and access to health care (LaVeist Issac, 12). When comparing the health outcomes between non-Hispanic whites and minorities, the differences in inequality are substantial. For various and numerous health conditions, non-Hispanic blacks suffer disproportionately from disease, injury, death, and disability compared to non-Hispanic whites. In 2006, the overall mortality rate for blacks was 28 percent higher than whites. (LaVeist, 21). Similarly, Hispanics/Latinos also experience disproportionate health outcomes when compared to non-Hispanic whites (2). Among nonelderly adults, 16 percent of black Americans and 17 percent of Hispanics report that they are in only fair or poor health, while only 10 percent of white Americans report the same (AHRQ). Additionally, according to data from the National Center for Health Statistics, 2002, black Americans have death rates that are substantially higher than white Americans for both men and women. Black males have a death rate that is 35 percent higher than white men while the death rate for black women is 29 percent higher than white women. In this paper I investigate the most likely causes as to why these disparities in health and health care exist between white Americans and racial/ethnic minorities, particularly African Americans. After thoroughly conducting research, one of the main causes that attributes to inequality in health and health care among racial and ethnic minorities is socioeconomic status. Socioeconomic status is generally defined through a combination of income, education, and occupation statuses (APA). To further explain, when an individual’s level of education increases, their occupational status also tends to increase, along with their income. Richard Shewder reported on his research about health among the U. S. public in a New York Times article in 1997 and concluded that â€Å"lower middle-class Americans are more mortal, morbid, symptomatic and disabled than up-middle-class Americans. With each little step down on the educational, occupational and income ladders comes an increased risk of headaches, varicose veins, hypertension, sleepless nights, emotional distress, heart disease, schizophrenia and an early visit to the grave. †This actuality is often referred to as â€Å"the status syndrome†. Furthermore, data strongly suggests that the relationship between SES and health is not a threshold actuality. Rather, it follows a continuous model, which alludes that whatever association there is between socioeconomic status and health exists at all levels (Barr, 53). There are two main factors that contribute to â€Å"the status syndrome†. The first is the perception of relatively less privilege. Barr’s â€Å"Health Disparities in the United States†, he describes this phenomenon, â€Å"when one perceives the structure of the social system in which he or she lives as controlling, to a large extent, the outcomes of one’s life, that person is likely to place less emphasis on reducing individual behaviors that are known to adversely affect long-term health outcomes. † To further justify, a study conducted by the U. S. Department of Health and Services concludes that poor people have a smoking rate that is two times the smoking rate of high-income people for both males and females (Barr, 62). A number of researches have also suggested that health status is in accordance with the level of inequality within that society. One hypothesis that explains this phenomenon states that societies that allow large income disparities are societies that tend to invest insufficient resources in human capital, health care, and other factors that promote health (Kawachi, Kennedy, Lochner, Prothrow-Stitch). It is also theorized that the increasing inequality has led to a succession in social capital. Social capital refers to characteristics of social relationships that promote cumulative action for mutual benefit (Barr, 89). A study conducted in 1997 compared responses from a survey, which questioned individuals’ level of trust in their own community, to health data gathered from that community. There was a marked association between perceptions of trust within a community and death rates from heart disease, cancer, and infant mortality (Barr 89-90). Additionally, social trust and group member ship are tightly linked with socioeconomic features, such as educational acquirement, according to analyses that controlled for poverty levels (Kawachi, Kennedy, Lochner, Prothrow-Stitch). A second factor contributing to the â€Å"status syndrome† is material deprivation (Barr). With an increased socioeconomic status comes an increase in access to resources. An abundant number of studies have concluded that low-income communities are more likely to be exposed to environmental hazards, crowded and substandard housing, and lack quality school systems (Williams, 8). Several studies have suggested that a possible contributor to the continuous relationship between socioeconomic status and health is the increased level of stress and chronic stress experienced by those living in disadvantaged homes and communities. Dr. Bruce S. McEwin, director of the neuroendocrinology laboratory at the Rockefeller University, has studied the subject for over thirty years. His research suggests that the interaction between environmental demands and the body’s capacity to manage possible external threats results in problems associated with stress. When the body’s stress load becomes severe or persists for too long without proper time to wane, the immune system can cripple. Other outcomes include straining of the heart, damage to memory cells, and the deposition of fat in the wrong areas (Vaccination News). Stress has also been strongly associated with increased heart rate and elevated levels of blood pressure, which is firmly linked to increased rates of heart attacks, stroke, kidney disease, and other illnesses (Barr, 78). As discussed above, one’s socioeconomic status is a strong indicator of their overall health outcome of racial/ethnic minorities. However, when controlling socioeconomic status, African Americans have lower levels of life expectancy at every level of income (Williams, 176). Therefore, race itself must play a role in health disparities among racial/ethnic minorities. Biological variation certainly exists among the human race, but the differences in genetics between different races are tiny compared to the amount of genetic variation within racial groups (Williams, 176). One substantial contributor to health disparities of racial/ethnic minorities is racism. The historical and political discrimination and racism against minorities in the U. S. is a subject that all Americans have learned about or grown up with. For my investigation, the term racism represents LaVeist and Issac’s definition, â€Å"beliefs, attitudes, institutional arrangements, and acts that tend to denigrate individuals or groups because of phenotypic characteristics or ethnic group affiliation. † Racial/ethnic discrimination that persists places a disproportionate hardship of illness and premature death by those who experience it (LaVeist, Issac, 36). Perceived discrimination of racism can have psychological, physical, and behavioral affects on health. Discussed above, chronic stress has been discovered to increase risk for coronary artery disease, stroke, cognitive impairment, substance abuse, anxiety, depression and mood disorders (Smedley). So exposures to persistent discrimination generates a burden of stress to racial/ethnic minorities in addition to those who already obtain and experience lower health outcomes that are related to their lower socioeconomic status. One effect of racism on racial/ethnic minorities is the restriction of socioeconomic advancement. Residential segregation creates and reinforces this inequality. Beliefs about black inferiority in the early 20th century led to policies that were instrumental in creating physical separation between blacks and whites. Several social institutions participated to enforce this separation. Banks were discriminatory in their lending practices, federal housing policies were created, and the real estate industry, as well as neighborhood organizations, participated in discrimination practices to ensure that blacks were confined to the most disadvantageous residential areas (Williams, 178). One result of residential segregation is the concentration of poverty, which in turn results in the concentration of poverty in school systems. In contrast to poor whites, many do not live in areas of concentrated poverty, and therefore have access to more desirable educational opportunities (Williams, 179). When looking at data from the U. S. Census Bureau, whites are less likely than blacks to never graduate from high school and to graduate from high school but not continue on to higher education. Additionally, substantially more white Americans finish college, obtain a master’s degree, and/or obtain a doctorate or professional degree compared to black Americans. Furthermore, white American men earn incomes that are higher than black American men at all levels of educational status (Barr, 48-49). This explains a possible cause for the higher death rate in black Americans considering Shewder’s conclusion based of the health of the U. S. public. Each of these developments burdens racial minority groups, particularly blacks, in terms of their health. With little access to quality education, blacks have a higher chance of gaining an education worth less than that of whites. Their below-average education results in occupying an occupation with a lower income of whites, therefore resulting in a lower socioeconomic status. As discussed above, socioeconomic status is a clear indicator of health. With blacks having an increased chance of maintaining a low socioeconomic status, their outcome of health is bound to be disproportionately lower than that of whites. One other result of residential segregation on the health of racial/ethnic minorities is the low quality conditions that minorities live in. Those living in segregation tend to have less access to health services, live in environments of neglect and deterioration, and tend to be exposed to environmental toxins and poor-quality housing (Williams, 183). One aspect that could decrease the level of inequality in health status of racial and ethnic minorities is by increasing housing options for minority communities. This can potentially lead to racial/ethnic minorities having increased opportunities to attend quality schools, live in communities with higher social capital and less environmental hazards. The research that I studied and analyzed discussed valid arguments as to why health disparities for racial/ethnic minorities exist. Another way to reduce these health disparities would to be to increase the amount of public health education. Extending this education into minority communities, as well as affluent communities. Increasing the awareness of health disparities of racial/ethnic minorities in America can increase the potential for policies to be made to reduce these disparities. To conclude, two important contributors to the inequality between health in racial and ethnic minorities and the health in white Americans are socioeconomic status and race. Socioeconomic status follows a continuous model in that as one increases their socioeconomic status, their health outcome also increases. As for race, residential segregation has multiple effects on health. Perceived discrimination also takes a toll on the body due to the amount of stress it can cause. Increasing awareness of these disparities and increasing opportunities for minorities to obtain quality living and education are potential options to reduce the inequality in health for racial/ethnic minorities in America.